L12 Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom fungi chart

The kingdom fungi was once classified as part of the ____ kingdom

Plant

Fungi are more related to this kingdom than plants

Animals

Fungi’s ecological role

decomposes recycling nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon by breaking down organic material

What do Parasitic fungi do

Cause diseases in plants and animals

Similarities of the plant and fungi kingdoms

1. Cells are eukaryotic

2. Most are anchored in soil or other substrate

3. Asexual or sexual

Differences of the plant and fungi kingdoms

Why fungi are important

1. Major decomposers and nutrient recycling

2. Symbiotic relationships

3. Food (mushrooms, truffles)

4. Used in food industry (bread soy sauce, blue cheese)

5. Production of alcohol

6. Used in food products (yeast, penicillium, aspergillus)

Use of yeast

• bread

• Wine

• Beer

Use of Penicillium

Produces an antibiotic

Use of Aspergillus

Flavours soft drinks

Hyphae/hypha

• structural units that make up the body

• Multicellular and made of thread-like filaments

Mycelium/mycelia

• branching network of hyphae

• Live in the soil and on the nutritious substances

Fruiting body

• reproductive structure (spores)

• The part visible above ground

Fungal nutrition

• external digestion

• break down food before it enters the cells

• Release enzymes to do so

Parasitic fungi

Absorb nutrients from living cells of a host organism

Predatory fungi

Soil fungi whose mycelia trap prey in the soil

Mutualistic fungi

• have relationship with other organisms

• Mycelia increase the absorptive surface of the roots and the fungus receives sugar from the plant

Saprobial fungi

Feeds on dead organisms or organic waste

Asexual forms of fungal reproduction

• spore production

• Budding (small cell develops and eventually pinches off of the parent cell)

• Fragmentation (piece of mycelium breaks of and forms new individual)

Sexual forms of fungal reproduction

• airborne spores (haploid cell)

• Produce a new mycelium if it reaches a suitable environment

White Piedra

• fungi disease

• Infection in the hair shaft

• Formation of nodules of different hardness on the hair

Ring worm

• fungi disease

• Itchy rash

• On top layers of skin

• Shape of a ring

• Grows in warm moist areas(locker rooms)

• Contagious

Sporotrichosis

• fungi disease

• Affects the skin, lungs, joints and bones

• Fungus found in sol

• Enters body in cuts

Blastomyces

• fungi disease

• Starts in lunges when spores are inhaled Then spread to other organs

• Skin ulcers