STATINS

Primary function of statins

Lower LDL (bad cholesterol) and raise HDL (good cholesterol).

Another name for statins

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

How to identify statins in a medication list

Look for the suffix '-statin' (e.g., simvastatin, lovastatin).

Mechanism of action of statins

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis.

Role of the liver in cholesterol synthesis

It produces cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway.

Enzyme inhibited by statins

HMG-CoA reductase.

Why is LDL considered bad cholesterol?

It forms plaques in blood vessels, leading to blockages.

Desired level for LDL cholesterol

Less than 100 mg/dL.

Why is HDL considered good cholesterol?

It removes LDL from the blood, preventing plaque formation.

Desired level for HDL cholesterol

Greater than 60 mg/dL.

Conditions treated by statins

High cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and plaque stabilization.

Nurse's role in monitoring statin patients

Watch for muscle pain, monitor CK, ALT, AST, and blood sugar levels, and educate on diet and exercise.

Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis

Severe muscle damage releasing myoglobin, potentially causing kidney failure.

Why avoid grapefruit while on statins?

It increases statin toxicity and risk of side effects.

Liver enzymes to monitor with statins

ALT and AST.

How statins affect glucose levels in type 2 diabetes risk patients

They can raise glucose levels, requiring monitoring for hyperglycemia.

Why are statins not a cure for high cholesterol?

They manage cholesterol but require ongoing diet and exercise for lasting results.