Inflammation & Wound Healing - MASTERY CONCEPT

Name the 5 cardinal symptoms of inflammation.

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function.

State the physiological reasons behind these 5 symptoms.

Redness/heat: vasodilation and increased blood flow. Swelling: increased vascular permeability. Pain: fluid/tissue pressure on nerve endings. Loss of function: pain and swelling limit movement.

Describe the two stages of the inflammatory response.

Vascular response → cellular response. Cellular: margination, transmigration, chemotaxis, activation.

Compare and contrast acute and chronic inflammation.

Acute: short

Identify and describe the role of cellular mediators in the inflammation process, especially histamine.

Histamine: ↑ vascular permeability. Leukotrienes: smooth muscle contraction/airway constriction. Prostaglandins: vasodilation/bronchoconstriction. Thromboxane A: vasoconstriction/platelet function.

Discuss systemic manifestations of inflammation to include fever, leukocytosis and changes in vital signs.

Fever, altered WBC count, anorexia, malaise, somnolence, muscle catabolism, and lymph node enlargement.

Trace the wound healing process through the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases.

Inflammatory: clotting and removal of damaged tissue. Proliferative: fibroblasts, collagen, angiogenesis, granulation tissue. Remodeling: collagen reorganizes and tissue strengthens.

Define the terms abscess and granuloma.

Abscess: localized collection of pus. Granuloma: mass of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes.

Compare and contrast wound healing by primary and secondary intention.

Primary: wound edges are brought together; less tissue loss/scarring. Secondary: wound edges remain open; more granulation tissue, contraction, and scarring.

Describe 4 types of wound exudates.

Serous: clear/watery. Sanguineous: bloody. Serosanguineous: clear with blood. Purulent: thick, yellow/green pus.

Describe the clinical signs of a wound infection.

Increasing redness, warmth, swelling, pain, purulent drainage, and fever.

Define wound dehiscence and keloid formation.

Dehiscence: separation of wound edges. Keloid: excessive scar tissue extending beyond the original wound.

Discuss factors affecting wound healing.

Nutrition, oxygen delivery, immune/inflammatory response, wound contamination/separation/foreign bodies, and aging.

Name 3 factors that cause delayed wound healing in diabetics.

Poor circulation/oxygenation, impaired immune response, and elevated blood glucose.

One important distinction: the last several Module 6 answers (exudates, infection, dehiscence, keloids, and diabetes

specific factors) were not actually stated in the uploaded PPT extraction, so I kept those as concise standard answers rather than pretending they came from your instructor's slides. The PPT itself only explicitly lists the broader wound