1st half of "types of crime" (non individual)

Criteria needed for different types of crime

Definition

Victim?

Offender?

Level of public awareness?

Criminal or deviant or both

Case study

White collar crime, what is it?

Middle class and above, crimes committed by people in good jobs often including the abuse of power or authority within their workplace

Victims of white collar crime?

People directly affected by the crime, e.g patient of the offender. But often called “victimless”

Sometimes they can affect tax payers or the general public

White collar crime offenders?

Offender is someone usually middle class and above in a successful job with authority. This can include, doctor or manager

white collar crime, levels of public awareness?

Usually the public awareness for white collar crimes are quite low as they are TOO complicated or complex to realise what’s happening, they can also be low due to the lack of media coverage, unreported, de labelling.

White collar crime, criminal/deviance

Both

Case study for white collar crimes.

Need to know;

Name

General explanation

How many victims

How many years in jail

His target;

Name; Harold shipman.

General explanation; he was a doctor and GP, He would manipulate old women into letting him be in their will then he would make them overdose and die. Leaving him with their will.

how many victims; 200+

How many years in jail; life imprisonment

His target; elderly single women

Moral crime, definition

Moral crime is crimes committed which go against norms and morals of society.

Victims of moral crime?

Moral crime is quite often seen as “victimless”.

However it all Varys on the Situation, there can be “hidden victims”

Moral crime offenders?

Varies according to crime

Most likely the crime are committed bc the offender is at an all time low, this can include people who are suffering from vagrancy or lack of income.

Because of this, criminologists often say the offender is the same as the offender. As they are also affected by the crime.

Moral crime; criminal/deviance

Deviant and SOMETIMES criminal/both

Moral Crime, levels of public awareness?

Fairly low, offender and victims often stay quiet and the public tends to ignore

Moral crime case study?

Name

General explanation

Sentence given

Victim?

Laws set to be brought to England + wales

Name; Kay Gilderhale

General explanation; Kay’s daughter; lynn, had a severe case of myalgic encephalomeyhytsis. Lynn unfortunately had a very low quality of life bc of this, so, she asked her mum to assist her in dying. (Euthanasia) Kay agreed and went to trial after Lynns death. She was found not guilty on ethical reasoning.

Sentence given; ethical reasoning, no sentence

Victim? Nobody. But some may argue Kay is the victim as she lost her daughter or Lynn is the victim as she died suffering from an illness.

Laws set to be brought to e+w; laws about euthanasia. Basically set requirements you need to have in order to be assisted in dying.

Technological crime general definition

Crimes committed using technology, this includes cyber bullying, cyber fraud, identity theft, cyber-tresspass, illegally downloading music/videos etc

Offender for technological crime?

Anybody with internet access.

Some crimes need technological skill or knowledge.

Youth most likely to commit technological crime

Victim technological crime?

Anybody with internet access.

Vulnerable groups such as elderly or desperate

Technological crime, level of public awareness

Depends on crime

Crimes like cyber bullying and blackmail across technology are more common/publically aware

But apart from those, crimes tends to be a bit low as they are often too complex to realise they are happening

Technological crimes; criminal/deviance

Both

technological crime case study

Name

General Definition

Victims

Sentence

Name; Alex Bessel

General Definition; Alex Bessel hacked into offer people’s computers, he would sell their malware products, steal data and orchestrated attacks of google and others.

Victims would be the people whom he hacked and stole things from or people he attacked online. He had over 9000 victim

Sentence; 2 years

State crime definition and examples

These are crimes committed by the state e.g

Torture to extract confessions, police brutality, imprisonment without trial, war crimes, political crimes like rigging votes

Victims of state crime?

Citizens of that state or people with different beliefs to the state.

Offender of state crime?

High ranked officials under order of state regime

levels of public awareness of state crime

Usually high as it’s incredibly deviant so they are most likely to have high coverage BUT some states have enough power to mute the media and hide crimes so for that, it’s also veiwed as low.

Criminal/deviance of state crime

State crime case study

General definition

Name

Victims

End result?

Crimes it included

Name; Adolf Hitler and Nazi germany

General definition; hitler hates Jews and wanted to create a “1000 year reign” of the aryan race and his regime. Because of his beliefs he set up concentration camps killing millions of Jews and other innocent people who weren’t apart of the aryan race. As well as disabled and queer people. (State organised Genocide)

Victims; 6 million people

End results; 10,000 nazis prosecuted and hitler in killed himself.

Crimes included; war crime, state organised genocide, crimes against humanity, state repression, abuse of law and institutions