APUSH unit 4 vocab

strict interpretation

following the Constitution strictly

judicial review

limiting power of the legislature

Louisiana purchase

France gives US New Orleans and the Louisiana territory for $15 million

chesapeake-leopold affair

the british navy ship leopold attacked US ship Chesapeake. The british killed 3 americans and impressed/kidnapped 4 into the british navy

embargo act

US merchant ships were not allowed to stop or trade at foreign ports

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

US ships can trade and stop at foreign ports EXCEPT for UK and France

Macon’s Bill No. 2

US can finally trade with FR or UK, but they must respect the US’s neutrality, and the US would not trade with their enemies

Quids

Old Dem Reps

Impressment

Being kidnapped to serve in the British military, because US was technically under the king’s rule and was a “subject of the king”

“Old Ironsides”

US battleship Constitution

Battle of Lake Erie

most important naval battle

Oliver Hazard Perry

US captain who fought in the battle of Lake Erie

Battle of the Thames

Tecumseh was killed in this battle, it was near Detroit

Star-Spangled Banner

Written during British invasion of Baltimore, the US national anthem

Battle of New Orleans

important battle that was fought in the south weeks after the war actually ended, greatly improved US morale and nationalism

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty signed with British in Belgium to stop the war of 1812

Hartford Convention

Last effort by Federalists to demand the US to stop fighting with the British and to stop the Dem-Rep style government, made Federalists seem unpatriotic

Monroe Doctrine

Statement made by President Monroe to other European countries that the North and South American continents were off limited to Eu powers and would consider any challenge to an American state as unfriendly act

Era of Good Feelings

period of time in the US where there was only one large political party (DemRep)

Andrew Jackson

US general that fought in the Battle of New Orleans, became a national hero

Henry Clay

proposes the American System, supported the second BUS

“King Caucus”

candidates for office were nominated by closed-door meetings of a party’s political leaders

Anti-Masonic Party

first to hold a nominating convention, which both politicians and voters would meet in a large meeting hall to nominate a party’s candidates

Workingmen’s Party

tried to unite artisans and skilled laborers into a political organization

Corrupt bargain

Jackson claimed that John Q Adams and Henry Clay made a secret deal to win the presidental election

nationalism

a sense of pride for one’s country

state’s rights

individual states hold more power over federal state

minority vote

a smaller amount of voters

majority vote

a larger amount of voters

age of the common man

under jackson’s presidency, voting rights began to expand for white men and jackson considered himself to be a common man due to his upbringing

spoils system

jacksonian democrats filled federal positions and offices

indian removal act

forced 5 major native groups to give up their land and move to oklahoma

worchester v georgia

cherokee sues US for kicking them out

Trial of Tears

Cherokee people were forced to move to Oklahoma, despite winning the lawsuit. Jackson ignored the ruling, and 25% of people died on the way

south carolina exposition

written by calhoun, argues that SC should nullify the tariff of abomination

theory of nullification

a state should be able to nullify a federal law if it deems it to be unconstitutional

nullification crisis

the time of tension between Jackson and SC, in the end tariffs were lowered and SC appealed their nullification

Whigs

opposing political party of the democrats

panic of 1837

banknotes lost their value and caused an economic depression

tariff of 1828

congress raised tariffs to protect US manufacters from UK manufacters creating materials and selling them for cheap

tariff of abomination

another name for tariff of 1828

tallmadge amendment

prohibited the future introduction of slavery into missouri and freed all children of slaves by 25

missouri compromise

bill that passed that allowed missouri to be a slave-holding state and maine to be a free state, so that the slave:free states would be equal

sectionalism

loyalty to one’s own region

old northwest

the group of states that joined the union before 1860: illinois, ohio, indiana, michigan, wisconsin, and minnesota

john deere

invented the steel plow

Cyrus McCormick

invented the mechanical reaper

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin and a gun with interchangeable parts

lowell system

labor system in lowell, massachusetts, that hired young women and housed them in company dorms

union

a group of workers demanding better pay, job security, and safety

cotton gin

machine that could easily separate cotton from its seeds

Commonwealth v. Hunt

a court ruling that declared peaceful unions could negotiate labor contracts with employers

ten hour workday

some state legislatures in the North passed laws establishing this for workers

midnight appointment

quickly appointing many judges in your political party during the limited time left as president

embargo act

preventing US ships from going to any foreign ports

gibbon v ogden

could NYC allow a steamboat company to have a monopoly if it conflicts with a congress-approved charter? the supreme court it was unconstitutional and established the federal government’s broad control of interstate commerce.

divorce bill

van buren removed all government funds from local banks into independent treasuries, so they wouldn’t be affected by the economy

Nicholas Biddle

wanted the second BUS to continue, Jackson’s opponent

species circular

Jackson’s currency that was needed to buy land, made of silver and gold

Tippecanoe

It was initially a war, then became a nickname William Harrison, then became a political slogan “____ and Tyler Too!”

Clinton

NY governor, created the Erie Canal

Erie Canal

a canal in upstate NY that connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River, it was funded by Clinton and gave access from Atlantic to Great Lakes

telegraph

a machine that sent a string of short and long beeps that could be translated into english

Pony Express

a group of young, orphaned boys who sent mail from the west due to a lack of telegraph cable, it folded after 18 months after more cables were set up

Second Great Awakening

the second religious revival in US, people realized that they were responsible for their own salvation and improving society

burned over district

central and west NY who were deeply impacted by the second great awakening

American Colonization Society

society that brings former slaves back to Africa, established Liberia as a place for former slaves to live

abolitionism

the movement that slavery should be banned

cult of domesticitiy

women felt trapped in their homes

republican motherhood

women should stay home and raise children to be virtuous, kind people

1848 Seneca Falls Convention

first women’s suffrage and rights meeting in seneca falls, NY

declaration of sentiments

written at the 1848 seneca falls convention, modeled after the constitution to emphasize women deserved equal rights to men

dorothy dix

advocated for prison reform, better treatment and access for mental health

horace mann

argued for longer school terms, better schoolhouses, and an improved curriculum

nativism

preferring native-born americans over immigrant americans

panic of 1812

the second BUS was being economically irresponsible and it impacted the US’s government; inspired people to decrease voting requirements and white male suffrage