Health CPR Test

When should you wash your hands?

Wash your hands with soap and water before and after giving care, even with gloves.

How long should you be washing your hands?

For at least 20 seconds, covering all surfaces (between your fingers and under your nails)

What to do if soap and water is not available?

Use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol until dry, but still handwash when you have access

Should you delay care if you have to wash your hands or found PPE?

No. Your risk of infection is very low.

When should you wear latex free disposable gloves?

When providing care with blood or body fluids, if you have cuts/broken skin, when handling items with body fluids

Being knowledgeable and skilled in how to respond to an emergency can help you do what?

Make your community safer, keep a person’s injury or illness from worsening, save a person’s life

What is your risk of getting infected with a disease while giving first aid care?

Low risk

How should you identify an emergency?

Loud crash, person with visible injuries, subtle change in the acting of a person, use your senses and GUT to alert you

Is a joint injury or a nosebleed life threatening?

No

What are signs of a potential life threatening emergency?

Being unresponsive or not fully awake, not breathing normally, bleeding a lot, signs of medical illness (stroke, heart attack, allergic reaction)

What are Good Samaritan Laws?

Protect people who voluntarily give care in good faith (do one’s best to save a life, give care according to training)

What to do first before helping a person?

Ask them for consent

If a person is unresponsive, confused, or disoriented…

Consent is implied

What can alert you to an emergency?

What you see, what you hear, what you smell, gut feeling

When should you call 911?

Trouble breathing, a lot of bleeding, unresponsive or mentally altered

What process should you follow when giving care?

CHECK CALL CARE

When to call 911?

When there are changes to a person and it is LIFE THREATENING

How to check for responsiveness?

Shout tap sequence (shoulder for adult, bottom of foot for infant)

How to check for breathing?

Roll the person onto their back, look to see if chest is rising and falling, listen for quiet, regular, effortless breathing sounds

What is SAM?

Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medication and Medical Conditions

How to perform a focused check?

Check the injured body part first, more than one body part, note any findings

If you are alone, when should you give care before calling 911?

Unresponsive, choking, anaphylaxis and epinephrine available, life threatening bleeding

When should you be placed in the recovery position?

Unresponsive but breathing, responsive but not fully awake

What does the recovery position do?

Protect the person from choking or aspirating body fluids like saliva or vomit

How to put someone into a recovery position?

Extend the person’s arm above head, roll the person onto their side, bend both knees to stabilize body

True of False: You must ALWAYS follow Check Call Care

False, depends on situation

What should you always do first?

Check scene for safety

Heart Attack

Blockage in heart, blood circulation is interrupted, heart is still beating

What are symptoms of a heart attack?

Symptoms VARY, but SOB, awake, chest pain, pain radiating to arm/legs/abdomen, clammy appearance, nausea/vomiting

What causes heart attack and what happens if not treated quickly?

High cholesterol is a cause, permanent damage can occur if not treated quickly (cardiac arrest)

How to treat heart attack?

2-4 baby Aspirin or 1 large aspirin, any chest medications (nitro) and comfortable position

What does aspirin do?

Thin the blood

What is cardiac arrest?

Heart stops beating and cannot circulate blood to the body, happens suddenly

What are the causes of cardiac arrest?

Opioid overdose, untreated heart attack, breathing emergency, drowning, trauma

What are the symptoms of cardiac arrest?

Irregular agonal breathing (gasping), snoring, unconsciousness

How to treat cardiac arrest?

Call 911, begin CPR, get AED

5 Parts of CPR

100-120 compressions per min, at least 2 in depth, allowing chest recoil, minimum interruptions (less than 10 sec), 1 second breaths

What is the worst thing to do in CPR and does CPR differ between people?

Doing nothing and CPR DOES NOT differ between people (pregnant, fat, etc)

How much should you spread your knees during CPR?

Shoulder width apart

What happens if a person is in cardiac arrest and their chest does not rise with a second breath?

Object blocking airway→cardiac arrest due to choking

When to stop CPR?

Obvious sign of life (breathing/alert), other responder arrive to relieve you, you are too exhausted to continue, the situation becomes unsafe

When to use Adult AED pads?

Someone older than 8 years old or weighs more than 55 lbs

What to do if there is a medication patch and you need to use AED?

Remove medication patch with gloves and then apply AED pads

Why to use AED?

It helps restore a normal heartbeat

Why might a child experience cardiac arrest?

Breathing emergency (asthma, drowning, choking), SHOCK, abnormalities in heart from birth, trauma to head or chest

Def of infant, child, and adult in CPR

Infant (under the age of 1), child (1 to puberty (usually 12)), adult (post-puberty)

What determines whether to use Adult or child AED pads?

A person’s age and weight

Head tilt chin lift for infant, children, and adult

Infant (neutral), Child (slightly past neutral), Adult (past neutral)

Depth of CPR for infant, child, and adult

Infant (1.5 in), Child (about 2 in), adult (at least 2 in)

What aspects of CPR for a child differ from that of an adult?

Compression depth, head position, size of breath

How to perform CPR on infant?

Encircling thumbs of one hand technique

Signs of choking

holding neck, looking scared, pale/blue skin, coughing, no sound (severe airway), or high pitched squeaking (severe)

Is Choking a care first situation?

Yes, care before calling 911

How to give abdominal thrusts

Move behind person (foot between their feet and knees bent), fist above the naval), inward and upward thrust

When to give chest thrusts?

If a person is pregnant, too large, wheelchair user, infant

When to stop back blows and abdominal thrusts?

When a person can speak, cry, or cough, or becomes unresponsive

When to look for objects during CPR for choking person?

After giving 30 compressions

Life threatening symptoms

Unresponsive or confused, trouble breathing, etc

Steps for Check Call Care for Sudden Illness

Check scene, form impression, check responsiveness/breathing, SAM, focused check, call 911, care

General Care Steps for Sudden Illness

Position of comfort (responsive) or recovery position (unresponsive/not fully awake), good temperature, keep calm, set up medication, monitor

What are some sudden illness medications you can assist with?

Inhaler (asthma), epinephrine (anaphylaxis), glucose tablets (diabetes), aspirin

Signs for Asthma

Wheezing, coughing, gasping, trouble talking, chest tightness

Care for Asthma

Assisting with inhaler, SECOND DOSE 10-15 MIN, call 911 if conditions don’t improve

Signs for Anaphylaxis

Hives, swelling, trouble breathing, fainting/lightheadedness, vomiting, sign/symptoms of shock

Care for Anaphylaxis

Call 911, assist with epinephrine (auto injector or nasal spray), SECOND DOSE 5 MIN NEW DEVICE

Signs for Diabetic Emergencies

Feeling hungry/thirsty, appearing drowsy/confused, feeling dizzy/weak/faint, having a seizure/unresponsive (severe case)

Care for Diabetic Emergencies

Check blood glucose, assist with sugar or insulin (20 g sugar adult 15 g sugar child) (glucose tablets, liquid, gel, 7 oz OJ, 14 oz milk, fructose/sucrose candy), call 911 if not able to swallow or conditions don’t improve after 10 MIN

Signs of Sickle Cell Crisis or Acute Chest Syndrome

Severe pain in body, trouble breathing (coughing/wheezing), fever with chest pain

Care for Sickle Cell Crisis or Acute Chest Syndrome

Call 911, assist with any prescribed medication, encourage them to drink fluids, apply a heat pad to painful areas

When to call 911 for a seizure

Person never had a seizure before, is pregnant, younger than 6 months old, febrile seizure, injured/unresponsive, seizure lasts more than 5 min or multiple seizures, seizures in water

When to NOT call 911 for a seizure

Known seizure disorder and told you not to call, infant/child with febrile seizure, healthcare provider said not to call

During/After Seizure Care

Put person on their side. After-check the person for responsiveness and breathing, take action to give care, monitor

Signs of Opioid Overdose and Care

Decreased breathing, unresponsiveness, bluish/gray skin Care: CPR (if unresponsive/gasping), administer narcan (naloxone), use AED, monitor

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Cool, clammy skin, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, nausea/vomiting, changes in consciousness

Care for Shock

Call 911, care for any other injuries, raise feet 6-12 in, recovery position, monitor

What does FAST stand for?

Facial drooping, arm drift, slurred speech, time CALL 911 and record TIME

When is life threatening bleeding determined?

Blood is equal to about half of what a soda can contains, blood of flowing or spurting

Care for Life Threatening Bleeding

Flat, hard surface under body part, place hemostatic dressing or clean shirt, firm pressure, apply bandage and monitor

What to do if a person has more than one wound and what if bleeding reoccurs?

Find the source of the wound and care for it. Apply direct pressure again and do not remove the bandage or apply additional bandages

When to stop applying pressure to bleeding wound?

Bleeding stops, tourniquet is applied, other responders relieve you, you are too exhausted, situation becomes unsafe

Tourniquet use for Children

Not all tourniquets are tight enough for children, use direct pressure instead, do not use tourniquet under 2 years old, explain to parent and child before use (will hurt)

What should you do if you are applying direct pressure and the bleeding stops before EMS arrival?

Apply roller bandage, monitor for rebleeding and apply direct pressure, monitor for signs of shock and give care

What are the 5 Components of Check?

Scene Safe? What happened? Who’s involved? How are the injured? Who can help?

How to treat heatstroke?

Immerse them up to their neck in cold water for 15 minutes, ice packs/cooling vest, or mist the person or fan them

How to treat hypothermia?

Move the person to warmer place, dry clothing, blankets, cover head, give warm drink