term 2 practicum
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62 Terms
What does PO mean?
Oral; medication swallowed by mouth.
What does SL mean?
Sublingual; medication placed under the tongue.
What does Buccal mean?
Medication placed between the gum and cheek.
What does ID mean?
Intradermal; medication injected into the dermis layer of skin.
What does SubQ mean?
Subcutaneous; medication injected into fatty tissue under the skin.
What does IM mean?
Intramuscular; medication injected into muscle tissue.
What does IV mean?
Intravenous; medication administered into a vein.
What does Topical mean?
Medication applied directly to the skin.
What does Transdermal mean?
Medication absorbed through the skin using a patch.
What does Ophthalmic mean?
Medication administered into the eye.
What are the 5 rights of medication administration?
Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, and right time.
Why should a nurse check allergies before administering medication?
To prevent allergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis.
What should a nurse do before giving oral medication to someone who has trouble swallowing?
Assess swallowing ability and aspiration risk; consult the provider or pharmacist about alternative forms.
Why should an injection site be cleaned?
To reduce microorganisms and prevent infection.
Why verify the medication order against the MAR?
To ensure the correct medication, dose, route, and time and prevent medication errors.
What are the steps for administering oral medication?
Hand hygiene, verify MAR, identify patient, check allergies, explain medication, prepare dose, position upright, administer, ensure swallowing, document.
What are two important actions before an injection?
Verify the medication order and patient; perform hand hygiene and clean the injection site.
What should a nurse do if a patient refuses medication?
Respect the refusal, explain the medication, assess the reason, notify the provider as appropriate, and document.
What should the nurse document after medication administration?
Medication, dose, route, time, injection site if applicable, and patient response.
What should be assessed before giving blood pressure medication?
Check blood pressure and pulse as appropriate.
What should be assessed before administering insulin?
Check blood glucose and consider food intake and the insulin order.
How are eye drops administered?
Pull down the lower eyelid, place drops into the conjunctival sac without touching the eye, and have the patient gently close the eye.
Where should eye drops be placed?
In the conjunctival sac of the lower eyelid.
What should the patient do when using an inhaler?
Exhale, inhale slowly and deeply while activating the inhaler, then hold breath for about 10 seconds if able.
What should a patient do after using an inhaled corticosteroid?
Rinse the mouth and spit.
What factors should be considered when selecting an injection site?
Age, body size, medication amount, muscle development, skin condition, and needle length.
What are common SubQ injection sites?
Abdomen, outer upper arm, anterior or outer thigh, and upper buttock/hip depending on protocol.
What are common IM injection sites?
Deltoid, ventrogluteal, and vastus lateralis.
Which IM site is often considered safest for adults?
Ventrogluteal.
What should be avoided when selecting an injection site?
Bruised, swollen, red, infected, scarred, or inflamed areas.
Which route is used for a medication patch?
Transdermal.
Which route requires a needle inserted into muscle tissue?
Intramuscular (IM).
What should the nurse do before administering medication when asked to verify the patient?
Identify the patient using two identifiers.
Which route is absorbed through the mucous membrane under the tongue?
Sublingual (SL).
What should the nurse do if a medication order is unclear?
Hold the medication and clarify the order with the provider.
What needle gauge is commonly used for IM injections?
20–25 gauge.
What is the usual IM injection angle?
90 degrees.
What is a common IM needle length for adults?
1–1.5 inches, depending on the patient and site.
What is a common maximum IM volume for the adult deltoid?
Usually 1 mL.
What is a common IM needle gauge for TB testing?
26–27 gauge.
How much medication is administered for a Mantoux TB test?
0.1 mL.
What is the angle for an intradermal injection?
5–15 degrees.
Where is a TB skin test administered?
Inner forearm.
Which direction should the bevel face for an intradermal injection?
Bevel facing upward.
What should appear after a correctly administered TB skin test?
A small raised wheal.
What needle gauge is commonly used for insulin syringes?
28–31 gauge.
What route is used for insulin injections?
Subcutaneous (SubQ).
What is the angle for a SubQ insulin injection?
45 or 90 degrees depending on needle length and subcutaneous tissue.
How is insulin measured?
In units, not mL.
What is a common insulin concentration?
U-100, meaning 100 units per mL.
Why should SubQ injection sites be rotated?
To prevent lipohypertrophy and tissue damage.
Should an injection site be massaged after insulin administration?
No.
What is the safest response to an unclear medication order?
Hold the medication and clarify before administration.
What does MAR stand for?
Medication Administration Record.
What does NPO mean?
Nothing by mouth.
What does PRN mean?
As needed.
What does STAT mean?
Immediately.
What does BID mean?
Twice daily.
What does TID mean?
Three times daily.
What does QID mean?
Four times daily.
What does AC mean?
Before meals.
What does PC mean?
After meals.