LBSC (Exam 2) - Megaloblastic Anemias and Miscellaneous RBC Disorders Slides

What type of anemia has >100 fL MCV?

Macrocytic Anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is what type of anemia?

Macrocytic Anemia

What is a large and abnormal precursor cell in the bone marrow exhibiting asynchrony?

Megaloblast

What anemia is caused by asynchrony that results from defective nucleus maturation?

Megaloblastic Anemia

In Megaloblastic anemia, is Thymidine triphosphate (TTP) synthesis inhibited or stimulated?

Inhibited

RNA synthesis is not affected in Megaloblastic anemia so the cytoplasm matures normally leading to what reading of MCHC?

Normal

What is produced by microorganisms and fungi and present in foods of animal origin?

Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin

Where is B12 absorbed?

Ileium

Through where does B12 enter peripheral blood?

Portal Vein

In the portal vein, what does B12 attach to?

Transcobalamin

What is the main transport protein of cobalamin (B12) to the tissues?

Transcobalamin (TC)

What takes B12 to the bone marrow, liver, or other tissues?

Transcobalamin (TC)

How long is Vitamin B12 stored for?

2-7 years

What type of diet causes vitamin B12 deficiency?

Vegetarians/Vegans

In vitamin B12 deficiency, lack of intrinsic factor, ileum resection and gastrectomy causes what?

Impaired Absorption

What is pernicious anemia caused by?

Lack of Intrinsic Factor

Microorganism competition with Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm) causes what deficiency?

Vitamin B12

What drug can cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

Colchicine

Hypersecretion of HCl causes vitamin B12 deficiency through what syndrome?

Zollinger - Ellison Syndrome

What is found in High concentrations in green leafy vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy products, yeasts, and animal foods (liver and kidney)?

Folate

What is the water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin B9)?

Folate

Is Folic Acid natural or synthetic?

Synthetic

Is Folate natural or synthetic?

Natural

Where is Folate primary stored?

Liver

Tropical sprue infection and celiac disease causes what deficiency?

Folic Acid (Folate)

What drug causes folic acid deficiency?

Methotrexate

Does pallor, weakness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, glossitis and gradual onset caused by what deficiency?

B12 and Folate Deficiency

Demyelination and fever of unknown origin is caused by what deficiency?

B12

What is a low rbc, wbc and plt count?

Pancytopenia

In B12 deficiency is serum B12 increased or decreased?

Decreased

In Folate deficiency is serum folate increased or decreased?

Decreased

In reticulocyte production index deficiency is it increased or decreased in megaloblastic anemia?

Decreased

Is serum bilirubin increased or decreased in megaloblastic anemia?

Increased

Is LDH increased or decreased in megaloblastic anemia?

Increased

Which deficiency is monitored by reticulocyte counts?

Vitamin B12

Which deficiency is prophylaxis recommended for pregnancy and dialysis patients?

Folic Acid Deficiency

Which deficiency can be treated with intramuscular or subcutaneous dose along with oral dose?

Vitamin B12

What is the hypoproliferative disorder with cellular depletion and reduced production of all blood cells, aka pancytopenia

Aplastic anemia

What are abnormalities or deficiencies in specific blood cell elements?

Cytopenia

What is the depression of each of the normal bone marrow elements?

Pancytopenia

The possible mechanisms of antibody directed to stem cell antigen and T lymphocytes that suppress stem cell proliferation cause what anemia?

Aplastic Anemia

Is aplastic anemia mostly congenital or acquired?

Acquired

Is most acquired aplastic anemia idiopathic or secondary?

Idiopathic

What aplastic anemia has no clear cut cause and not result of another condition?

Idiopathic or Primary Acquired Aplastic Anemia

What aplastic anemia is caused by external chemical, physical, or infectious agent which initiates mechanism?

Secondary Acquired Aplastic Anemia

What manifests because of insidious, gradual decrease in BM production?

Aplastic Anemia

What is the failure to obtain BM during aspiration?

Dry Tap

What is the preferred treatment of aplastic anemia?

Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant

What is congenital aplastic anemia?

Fanconi’s Anemia

What aplasia is only erythroid cells in the BM are affected?

Pure Red Cell Aplasia

What is the congenital form of pure red cell aplasia?

Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

What is the hereditary group of disorders causing anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis?

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias