CNA Mega Review (IL)

OBRA

Law that regulates the care people receive in nursing facilities.

OSHA

Regulates workplace safety.

DHHS

Government agency for regulating health.

PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)

Contract between healthcare providers and an insurance company.

HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)

Managed care system that contracts with health care providers for prepaid services.

Survey Process

Inspection of nursing homes carried out by the government.

Accreditation

Official recognition that a facility meets established standards.

DON (Director of Nursing)

Registered nurse who directs all nursing care.

RN

Registered Nurse.

LPN

Licensed Practical Nurse; usually has less education than RN.

MDS (Minimum Data Set)

Focuses on the degree of healthcare a resident needs.

ADL’s

Activities of daily living.

Sympathy

Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.

Conscientiousness

The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.

Professional

A person engaged or qualified in a profession.

Professionalism

The competence or skill expected of a professional.

Work ethic

A belief in work as a moral good.

Accountability

The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

HIPAA

Rules regarding confidentiality in healthcare.

Holistic approach to health care

Considering the resident’s emotions and overall well-being.

Medicare

Funded by social security; all people 65 or older may be eligible.

Medicaid

Federally funded program to pay for healthcare for low-income individuals.

Delegation (5 rights)

The right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction, right supervision.

Scope of practice

What tasks a nursing assistant is eligible to perform.

Registry

Official record of people who have completed a nursing assistant training program.

Reciprocity

Certification valid in other states.

Competency

The ability to do something successfully or efficiently.

Litigation

Lawsuit or legal action.

Negligence

Failing to do what a careful and reasonable person would do.

Abuse

Repetitive and deliberate infliction of injury.

Assault

Threatening or attempting to touch a person without consent.

Battery

Touching a person without consent.

False imprisonment

Confining a person against their will.

Defamation

Making untrue statements that harm another person’s reputation.

Larceny

Stealing.

Beneficence

Doing good for others.

Verbal Communication

Use of language either spoken or written.

Nonverbal Communication

Giving information through facial expressions or body language.

Effective communication techniques

Speak loudly and clearly, ask for feedback, focus on message clarity.

Blocks to effective communication

Not listening carefully, being judgmental, assuming others' thoughts.

Subjective data

Information that cannot be measured or assessed (e.g., complaints of pain).

Objective data

Information obtained directly, through measurements or senses.

Electronic medical record (EMR)

Computer system that stores patient information.

Kardex

Card file containing a condensed version of each patient's medical record.

Nursing process

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization.

Acute illness

Rapid onset and short recovery time; e.g., pneumonia.

Chronic illness

Ongoing condition; e.g., diabetes.

Terminal illness

Recovery is not expected; e.g., cancer.

Dementia

Permanent and progressive loss of mental functions caused by brain damage.

Delirium

Temporary state of confusion.

Alzheimer’s Disease

A progressive brain disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline.

Vascular dementia

Mental functions lost due to multiple areas of dying brain tissue.

Lewy Body Dementia

Caused by abnormal protein deposits affecting thinking and movement.

Frontotemporal Dementia

Caused by damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.

Wandering Pacing

Behavior where individuals stray from home, can be dangerous.

Sundowning

Worsening of behavioral symptoms in late afternoon or evening.

Microbe

Cause no harm and are essential for healthy living; also known as a microorganism.

Pathogen

Microbes that can cause illness.

Nosocomial Infection

Infections acquired while in a healthcare facility.

Blood borne Pathogens

Transmitted through blood or other body fluids.

Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear on joints causing breakdown of cartilage.

Pressure ulcers

Injuries to the skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure.

Anemia

Condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen.