Chemistry - studying periodic table, Bonds and reaction

the periodic table reactions and chemical bonds and information.

What do groups (columns) on the periodic table tell us?

The number of electrons in the outer shell.

What do periods (rows) on the periodic table tell us?

The total number of electron shells.

Which type of bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal?

Ionic bonding (transfer of electrons).

Which type of bonding occurs between non-metals only?

Covalent bonding (sharing of electrons).

Why do atoms form chemical bonds?

To achieve a full outer shell of electrons (a stable electronic structure like a noble gas.

What is metallic bonding?

A lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized electrons.

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction (total mass of reactants = total mass of products).

What type of bond forms between a metal and a non-metal, and what

happens to electrons?

lonic Bonding.

Metal atoms /ose electrons to form positive ions. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to

form negative ions. Strong electrostatic attraction holds them together.

Define oxidation in terms of oxygen, and state the reaction of Magnesium

with Oxygen.

Oxidation is the gain of oxygen (or loss of electrons).

Equation: 2Mg + O2→2MgO (Magnesium Oxide).

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of Sodium with

Oxygen.

4Na + O2→2Na2O

Sodium is oxidized to form Sodium Oxide.

What does OIL RIG stand for regarding electron transfer in redох

reactions?

Oxidation Is Loss of electrons.

Reduction Is Gain of electrons.

How many outer shell electrons do Group 1 elements have, and how does

reactivity change down the group?

They have 1 outer electron.

Reactivity increases down Group 1 because the outer electron is further from the

nucleus, so electrostatic attraction is weaker and it is lost more easily.

How many outer shell electrons do Group 7 elements have, and how does

reactivity change down the group?

They have 7 outer electrons.

Reactivity decreases down Group 7 because the outer shell is further from the nucleus,

making it harder to attract and gain an 8th electron.

Why are Group 0 elements (Noble Gases) unreactive?

They have a full outer shell (8 electrons, or 2 for Helium), giving them a stable electron

arrangement with no tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons.

What is the displacement rule for Halogens? Give an equation for

Chlorine added to Potassium Bromide.

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from its aqueous salt solution.

Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCI + Br2

Describe Fluorine (F2) and Chlorine (Cl₂) physical properties and trends

down Group 7.

Fluorine: Pale yellow, highly toxic reactive gas.

Chlorine: Pale green toxic gas.

Down Group 7, melting/boiling points increase and colors grow darker.

What type of bond forms between a metal and a non-metal, and what

happens to electrons?

lonic Bonding.

Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to

form negative ions. Strong electrostatic attraction holds them together.