Cell Transport and Chemical Processes for Energy

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular transport mechanisms, solution types, homeostasis, and chemical processes for cellular energy including enzymes and energy reactions.

Cell Transport

The movement of materials across the cells outer boundary.

Passive transport

A process that does not require energy to move material across a cell.

Active transport

A energy-requiring process that moves material across membranes against its natural flow.

Diffusion

Particles spreading out from highly crowded to less crowded areas.

Facilitated diffusion

A transport of substances through a cell membrane with help from proteins.

Osmosis

Water passinf through a barrier to balence concentration levels.

Semi-permeable membrane

A membrane that only allows certain molecules pass.

Concentration gradient

The difference in the concentration amounts between areas.

Hypotonic solution

External liquid with fewer dissolved particles than inside the cell.

Hypertonic solution

External liquid with more dissolved particles than inside the cell.

Isotonic solution

External liquid matching the internal concetration exacctly.

Homeostasis

A process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

Exocytosis

Fusing inside material with outside material to get rid of waste outside.

Endocytosis

Wrapping the outer membrane around external objectss to pull them inside.

Protein pumps

Special cell membrane structures pushing small items from low to high concentrations.

Law of Conservation

States that matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

Activation energy

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Endergonic reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy.

Exergonic reaction

A chemical reaction that gives off energy.

ATP

The main energy source that cells use.

Enzymes

A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Enzyme inhibitor

A blocker molecule that prevents an ezyme from working.

Substrate

The specific starting block an enzyme modifies.

Active site

The spot where an ezyme grabs its target.

Denature

A change in shape of a protein that destroys its function.

Catalyst

Any substabce that speeds up a chemical reaction/process.