Test 2 Bald man

Anatomy

Epidermis

Outermost layer of skin composed of epithelial tissue; it is avascular and primarily functions as a protective barrier.

Dermis

Structural layer of skin lying beneath the epidermis, containing blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, and collagen/elastic fibers.

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer composed mainly of adipose and connective tissue that provides insulation, cushioning, and anchoring to underlying structures.

Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis containing stem cells and melanocytes; responsible for continuously generating new skin cells.

Stratum Spinosum

Epidermal layer providing strength and flexibility, containing tightly connected keratinocytes and immune cells.

Stratum Granulosum

Epidermal layer providing strength and flexibility, containing tightly connected keratinocytes and immune cells.

Stratum Lucidum

Clear epidermal layer present only in thick skin (palms and soles) to provide an extra protective layer.

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead, keratinized cells that protect underlying tissues and constantly shed.

Cutaneous Membrane

Epithelial membrane commonly known as the skin, covering the exterior surface of the body.

Mucous Membrane

Epithelial membrane lining body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive and respiratory tracts) that produces mucus for protection and moisture. (i.e., nose, mouth, eyes) Opens to the outside world

Serous Membrane

Epithelial membrane lining closed internal body cavities and covering organs, secreting fluid to minimize friction.

Parietal vs. Visceral Layer

The parietal layer lines the interior wall of a closed body cavity, whereas the visceral layer directly covers the organs inside that cavity.

Pleura

The parietal layer lines the interior wall of a closed body cavity, whereas the visceral layer directly covers the organs inside that cavity.

pleura

Serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity.

Melanin

Pigment synthesized by melanocytes in the stratum basale that protects cell nuclei against damaging UV radiation.

Peritoneum

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering its internal organs.

Keratin (Protein)

Tough, fibrous protein that provides structural strength and waterproofing to the skin, hair, and nails. (does not effect skin pigmentation)

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Abundant sweat (sudoriferous glands) distributed across the body that secrete watery perspiration essential for thermoregulation.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Glands located in axillary and genital areas that secrete a thicker substance active during stress and puberty, causing body odor when digested by bacteria.

Sebaceous Glands

Exocrine glands that secrete an oily substance (sebum) to lubricate skin and hair and prevent drying out.

First-Degree Burn

Burn affecting only the epidermis, causing superficial redness, mild swelling, and pain.

Second-Degree Burn

Burn damaging the epidermis and upper region of the dermis, resulting in blisters, severe pain, and swelling.

Second-Degree Burn

Burn damaging the epidermis and upper region of the dermis, resulting in blisters, severe pain, and swelling.

Fourth-Degree Burn

Severe burn extending entirely through skin layers into underlying muscle, fat, or bone tissue.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common and least aggressive form of skin cancer, originating from cells in the deepest epidermal layer.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Type of skin cancer arising from keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum, appearing as a scaly red lesion with moderate potential to metastasize. 50/50

Malignant Melanoma

Most dangerous skin cancer originating from melanocytes, characterized by rapid metastasis and high mortality if undetected.

ABCDE Rule

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, Evolution

Acne

Blackheads and Whiteheads

a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and

dead skin cells

Athletes Foot

(tinea pedis) is a fungal infection that usually begins between the toes. It commonly

occurs in people whose feet have become very sweaty while confined within tightfitting shoes

Alopecia

When you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks your own body.

With alopecia areata, it's the hair follicles that are attacked. This causes the hair to come

out, often in clumps the size and shape of a quarter. The amount of hair loss is different in

everyone.

Jaundice

a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from

excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by

liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.

Seborrhea

That red, itchy rash on your scalp that has flaky scales could be seborrheic dermatitis,

or seborrhea. It's a common skin disease that looks like psoriasis, eczema, or an allergic

reaction. And it can appear on your body as well as your scalp.

Callus

a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has

been subjected to friction.

Blister

a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other

damage

A blister is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within

the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning,

freezing, chemical exposure or infection or even excessive amount of time. Most blisters

are filled with a clear fluid, either serum or plasma

Contact Dermatitis

a red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an

allergic reaction to it. The rash isn't contagious or life-threatening, but it can be very

uncomfortable. Many substances can cause such reactions, including soaps, cosmetics,

fragrances, jewelry and plants.

Cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate

oxygenation of the blood.

Bruise

an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or

impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.

Blood from

damaged blood cells deep beneath the skin collects near the surface of the skin, resulting

in what we think of as a black and blue mark.

Impetigo

Impetigo (im-puh-TIE-go) is a common and highly contagious skin infection that

mainly affects infants and children. Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face,

especially around a child's nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and

develop honey-colored crusts.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It causes

cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. The extra skin cells form scales and

red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful. Psoriasis is a chronic disease that often

comes and goes.

Decubitus Ulcer

pressure sore, or bedsore. It's an open wound on your skin. often occur on the skin covering bony areas.