Ch 6 7 8 Chem quiz

Atomic radius decreases as we move ________________ on the periodic table

Up and right

Cations are __________ than their neural counterparts

Smaller

Anions are __________ than their neural counterparts

Larger

Transition metals lose their ? orbital electrons first when ionized

S

If an ion has the same electron configuration as a noble gas, the two are said to be ______________

Isoelectronic

Lattice energy is the energy….

required to turn an ionic solid into dispersed ions in the gas phase

If atoms have the same # of electrons, the one with the most ________ is the ________.

Most protons is the biggest

Ionic bonds form when ___________ _________ species are attracted to each other

Oppositely charged

It takes ______ energy to remove a second electron than a first electron from any atom

More

A negative energy of electron affinity, E_ea, is the energy

released when a neutral atom gains an electron to form an anion

What is E_ea

electron affinity - describes the energy change when an atom gains an electron

E_ea is __________ when an atom loses an electron. This is ___________.

released, It’s favorable
E_ea < 0

E_ea is __________ when an atom gains an electron. This is ___________.

required, It’s unfavorable
E_ea > 0

Fe³⁺ is very stable because?

It’s last orbital is 3d⁵, which is half full so its particularly stable

When atoms have the same # of electrons, less protons means ________ radius

Bigger

Electronegativity increases as we move ______________________ on the periodic table

Up and to the right

As we proceed from left to right for a given period in the periodic table, the radii of the atoms decrease because

more protons are pulling on electrons that are all about the same distance from the nucleus

What is ionization energy (E_i)

How much energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom

Ionization energy increases as we move ______________________ on the periodic table

Up and to the right

In the Born-Haber cycle, a + means that?

Energy goes in/is required
Electron loss

In the Born-habercycle, a - means that?

Energy comes out
Gaining electron/electron capture

In the Born-haber cycle, ionization ________________

Requires energy, its a +

A substance with one or more unpaired electrons is __________________.

Paramagnetic

A substance with all electrons paired is _____________.

Diamagnetic

Diatomic oxygen in its ground electronic state is ______________

Paramagnetic, 2 electrons are unpaired in 2p⁴

Atomic radius decreases as you move _____________________

Up and right

Ionization energy is the energy ____________ when an electron is _____________

Invested when an electron is removed

Lattice energy in a table of lattice energies represents?

the energy invested when we vaporize one mole of an ionic solid

If electronegativity is ______, the bond is ionic

Greater than 2

If electronegativity is ______, the bond is covalent

Less than 2

If electronegativity is ______, the bond is polar & covalent

Between 1.2 and 1.9

Bond dissociation energy between atoms X and Y is the energy…

energy required to break a mole of X-Y bonds

The octet rule states that atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons……

To fill all of their outer shell s and p orbitals

Hybridization is the process of mixing orbitals to…..

to help explain molecular shapes and bonding

Orbital hybridization occurs when two or more atomic orbitals….

combine to form more geometrically useful orbitals

A bigger difference in electronegativity means _____ polarity

More

A smaller difference in electronegativity means ______ polarity

Less

A covalent bond forms when two atoms __________________

Share electrons