Physiology Exam 3 - Dr. Mackin

What is the process of by which food and water are transported from the mouth to the stomach?

Swallowing

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

What two parts of the pharynx are divided by the soft palate?

nasopharynx and oropharynx

What are the anatomic phase of swallowing?

oral, esophageal, and gastroesophageal

What are the stages of the oral phase of swallowing?

oral, pharyngeal, and cricopharyngeal

What are the types of peristalsis of the esophageal phase?

primary and secondary

What type of peristalsis is triggered by swallowing?

primary

What type of peristalsis is triggered by the ingest in the esophagus and moves the ingesta out?

secondary

What must the pharynx do to close the airway?

contract

What stage of the oral phase becomes involuntary?

phayngeal

What is the muscle that prevents food from coming up the esophagus and the stage is aptly named?

cricopharyngeal

What phase of swallowing lets food into the stomach and prevents it from coming back up?

gastroesophageal

What are the three functional phases of swallowing?

preparatory, transfer, and transport

Where does the preparatory phase of swallowing occur?

oral cavity

Where does the transfer phase of swallowing occur?

oral cavity and pharynx

Where does the transport phase of swallowing occur?

esophagus

How fast is the ingesta during the transfer phase of swallowing?

40 cm/sec

How fast is the ingesta during the transport phase of swallowing?

3-4 cm/sec

Which phase of swallowing is faster: transfer or transport?

transfer

What nerve controls the muscles of mastication?

trigeminal nerve (5)

What nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?

facial nerve (7)

What nerve controls the tongue?

hypoglossal nerve (12)

What two nerves are important for the voluntary steps of swallowing?

trigeminal nerve (5), facial nerve (7), hypoglossal nerve (12)

What are the nerves that controls the pharynx?

cranial nerves (9, 10, 11)

What is the nerve that controls the larynx?

recurrent laryngeal nerve , a branch of vagus nerve (10)

What are the nerves involved in swalloing?

5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

What are the voluntary nerves involved in swallowing? (#)

5, 7, 12

What phase(s) of functional swallowing are voluntary?

preparatory

What phase(s) of functional swallowing are involuntary swallowing reflex?

transfer and transport

What type of muscle is the cricopharyngeal muscle?

striated

What is the upper esophageal sphincter?

cricopharyngeal muscle

What is the lower esophageal sphincters in dogs?

physiological

What muscle composes the esophagus in dogs?

striated muscle

What muscles compose the esophagus in cats?

proximal 2/3 striated, distal 1/3 smooth

Presence of food in the proximal esophagus triggers what sensors?

afferent

Presence of food in the proximal esophagus triggers afferent sensors, which sends signals through what nerves?

vagus/glossopharyngeal

What reflex peristaltic contraction wave associated with pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

primary peristalsis

What reflex peristaltic contraction wave triggered by residual food in the esophagus?

secondary peristalsis