Social Studies Unit 2 Test

what were the purposes effects of the Crusades?

efforts to remove Muslims from holy land of Catholics introduce new ideas, technology and luxury guts

why were goods in Western Europe expensive

because they had to travel and were sold multiple times

what is the renaissance?

A rebirth of science and art

Technology

Scientific knowledge for practical purposes usually inventions

compass

uses two magnets to help sailors navigate northeast south and west

Caravel

Efficient, small, easy to sail ship

Printing Press

Makes writing much more efficient

Astroblade

Measured positions of latitude

Mercator Projection

Projection reference of the world that uses latitude and longitude

Marco Polo‘s travels

gave descriptions of far away places encourage people to explore

Who was Henry the navigator?

Henry, the navigator was a Portuguese navigator and he set up a school of navigation where people could help make maps more accurate

Treaty of Tordesillas

split worlds between Spain and Portugal (1493-1494)

Columbian Exchange

Global exchange of everything; foods, animals, population growth were positive outcomes. Diseases that killed millions is a negative outcome

Conquistador

explorers that get encouragement from Spanish rulers

Mission

religious communities and goal was to make people Christian

Bartolomé de La casas

he explored and discovered the Cape of Good Hope

Mestizos

One Spanish and one Native American parent

pueblo

Center of trade in towns

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador and conquered the Inca empire

Peninsulares

people born in spanish (highest class)

Presidio

Type of fort built near missions

Hernan Cortez

Spanish conquistador and conquered Aztec Empire

Creoles

Born in Americas, parents are/were Spanish

How were the Spanish able to conquer Native American empires?

weapons, unknown animals, guns cannons, horses, dogs, metal work armor, and sharp objects. Also, Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases.

reformation

making changes to improve the protestant reformation was a protest against Catholic practices

John Cabot

Italian navigator his sponsor was King Henry VIII and sailed the ship Matthew

Henry Hudson

explore and got the Hudson River named after him he explored for Netherlands and England

Martin Luther

wrote 95 theses questioning Catholic Church practice

Giovanni de Verrazano

Discovered Hudson River and New York Bay, sailed for France

Samuel de Champlain

Explored st. Lawrence River, founded settlement (Quebec), explored for France

what influences did the Dutch leave in New York?

Santa, thanksgiving, new year’s eve, roofs, doors

what is the flushing Ramonstrance

People of flushing wrote a letter to Peter Stuyvesant that he’s wrong

Who dominated Western Europe during the period after the fall of Rome

Catholic Church

What new religion developed during the 7th century

Islam

Where do cities tend to develop

Where trade routes meet (near advantages for the city)

Motivations for Western Europe exploration

Gold, god, glory, and a cheaper way to get goods

Who was Ptolemy

Greek Geographer who calculated the circumference of the Earth

What is nationalism

People of similar languages and cultures should be grouped together

What countries grew in the 15th century

Spain, Portugal, England, and France

Peter Stuyvesant

General of New Amsterdam/Netherlands

Jacques Cartier

He mapped the St. Lawrence River and claimed land (Canada) for France

Which parts of the Americas were settled by which European powers

Spain, France, England, Portugal

Central America, Southern US|Canada, Mississippi River, Great Lakes|Atlantic Coast of America (13 Colonies)|Brazil

How did each European power treat Native Americans

Death, loss of land, slavery, fur trade, and the columbian exchange