Comprehensive Health Assessment Exam 2 IU indianapolis FULL REVIEW

Forms of Hypopigmentation

Albinism, vitiligo, melasma, hemosiderin, staining

Albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

vitiligo

loss of pigment in areas of the skin

melasma

Brownish pigmentation of the face during pregnancy; also called chloasma and "mask of pregnancy"

hemosiderin

pigment released from hemoglobin process

Cyanosis on light skin

Grayish blue

Cyanosis on dark skin

Ashen gray

Ecchymosis in light skin

Dark red, purple, yellow, or green color, depending on age of bruise

Ecchymosis in dark skin

Deeper bluish or black tone; difficult to see unless it occurs in an area of light pigmentation

Blanching

occurs when the normal red tones of the light-skinned patient are absent

Light skin _____ for ecchymosis

blanches

Dark skin is ____ for ecchymosis

non-blanching

Erythema in light skin

red, bright pink

Erythema in dark skin

Deeper brown or purple skin tone with evidence of increased skin temperature secondary to inflammation

Pallor in light skin

pale skin color that may appear white

Pallor in dark skin

Lighter skin seen as more yellow

Petechia in light skin

Pinpoint redness and purple lesions

Petechia in dark skin

Seen orally in mucosa or sclera

Jaundice in light skin

yellowish color of skin, sclera of eyes, fingernails, palms of hands, and oral mucosa

Jaundice in dark skin

yellowish-green color most obviously seen in sclera of eye, palms of hands, and soles of feet

What do you check for in moles for possible melanoma

Asymmetry

Border

Color

Diameter

Evolving

Feeling

Basal cell carcinoma is the _____, ____ cancer

Most common, Skin

Squamous cell carcinoma is the __ ____ of ___ cancer

2nd most common, skin

Squamous cell carcinoma is from ___

UV sun exposure

Diapharesis

excessive sweating

Alopecia aerate

Baldness characterized by patch of lost hair

Hirsutism

excessive hair growth

Onychomycosis

fungal infection of the nail

Melanocytosis

Increased buildup of melanocytes

Stage 1 pressure injury

Intact skin, non blanching

Stage 2 pressure injury

Open skin, partial thickness

Stage 3 pressure injury

deep to subcutaneous

Stage 4 pressure injury

Deep to the bones, tendons, and muscles

unstageable pressure injury

Wound is covered by eschar

Eschar

a thick layer of dead tissue

Muscles strength 0

No evidence of contractility

Muscle strength 1

Evidence of slight contractility

Muscle strength 2

Complete ROM with gravity eliminated

Muscle strength 3

Complete ROM with gravity

Muscle strength 4

Complete ROM against gravity with some resistance

Muscle strength 5

Complete ROM against gravity with full resistance

Active ROM

Movement done by client and should be smooth and painless through its complete range

Passive ROM

Examiner moves the relaxed joint through the limits of movement, stops if encountering pain or resistance.

There are ___ cervical vertebra

7

There are ___ thoracic vertebra

12

There are ___ lumbar vertebra

5

Carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

Osteoprosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Gout

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

aneurysm

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

bruit

blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

contour

Shape or outline of a shape

costovertebral angle

12th rib forms an angle with the vertebral column

distention

a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal

gastrostomy tube

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach

iliopsoas

flexes hip

nasogastric tube

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

obturator muscle test

have patient flex right leg @ hip and knee; then rotate hip externally and lower leg medially

ostomy

surgically create an opening

rebound tenderness

pain that increases when pressure (as from a hand) is removed

scaphoid

abnormally sunken abdominal wall, as with malnutrition or underweight

tympany

high-pitched, musical, drumlike percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine

umbilicus

navel, belly button

urinary catheter

a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder

urinary incontinence

inability to control urination

angina (pectoris)

chest pain

ankle/brachial index

Test comparing blood pressure in ankle and arm.

aortic valve

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

apical

apex of the heart

arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

amplitude (of pulse)

4+ bounding

3+ full

2+ normal

1+ diminished

0 Absent

atrioventricular valve (AV-valve)

A one-way valve that separates an atrium from a ventricle in the heart and prevents the backflow of blood into the atrium.

brachial

upper arm

bruit

blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

capillary refill

after blanching nail bed, color should return to normal withing

clubbing

bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

carotid pulse

the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck

contour

Shape or outline of a shape

diastolic

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

dorsalis pedis pulse

pulse located on top of the foot

edema

swelling

electrocardiogram (ECG)

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

Erbs point

traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

intercostal space (ICS)

the space between two ribs

jugular vein

Vein that carries blood from the head to the superior vena cava

left sternal boarder (LSB)

the area for auscultating the pulmonic valve

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

murmur

abnormal heart sound

orthostatic

relating to an upright or standing position

pallor

paleness

perfusion

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

popliteal pulse

behind the knee

posterior tibial pulse

Pulse felt on inside of either ankle

pulmonic valve

right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

pulse deficit

difference between the apical and radial pulse rates

pulses

regular, measured beats

pulsation

a beat or throb, as of the pulse

radial pulse

the pulse felt at the wrist