WEBDEV QUIZ 1

1960s

• started as a way for government researchers to share information

• Computers were large and immobile and in order to make use of information stored in any one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the computer or have magnetic computer tapes sent through the conventional postal system.

ARPANET

• the network that ultimately evolved into what we now know as the Internet.

January 1, 1983

• is considered the official birthday of the Internet

• ARPANET and the Defense Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard

TCP/IP

• This allowed different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other.

UNIVAC I

• It was the first American commercial computer, as well as the first computer designed for business use.

• It weighed some 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes, and could perform about 1,000 calculations per second

1989

• The Web was born in a particle physics laboratory (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland

Tim Berners-Lee

• Proposed a system of information management that used a “hypertext” process to link related documents over a network.

1992

• The first graphical browser (NCSA Mosaic) was introduced, and the Web broke out of the realm of scientific research into mass media.

Internet

• is a network of connected computers

•  it is a cooperative effort governed by a system of standards and rules

The Web

• is a subset of the Internet

• is just one of the ways information can be shared over the Internet

• It is unique in that it allows documents to be linked to one another using hypertext links—thus forming a huge “web” of connected information

intranets

• They are created and function like ordinary websites, but they use special security devices (called firewalls) that prevent the outside world from seeing them.

Extranet

• it allows access to select users outside of the company.

Web application

• is an application that is accessed with a web browser over the Internet or an intranet

Web Browser

• lets a user to request a resource.

• It is a program you use to access content on the web

• It interprets the HTML code and renders the web page for the user

Web Client

• lets the user request something on the server and shows the user the result of the request.

• the human user and the browser application

Web Server

• takes a client request and gives something back to the client

HTTP

• It is a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.

• is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web to define how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

HTML

• created especially for documents with hypertext links

• Gives instructions to the browser

• defines dozens of text elements that make up documents such as headings, paragraphs, emphasized text, and of course, links

Cloud Computing

• Refers to the technology that makes cloud work

• It basically involves a variety of independent technologies such as hardware virtualization, distributed processing, utility computing, network system, web services, platform as a service, and software as a service.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service

• provides on-demand access to fundamental computing resources–physical and virtual servers, networking, and storage—over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis

• enables end users to scale and shrink resources on an as-needed basis

Platform-as-a-Service

• provides software developers with on-demand platform—hardware, complete software stack, infrastructure, and even development tools for running, developing, and managing applications without the cost, complexity, and inflexibility of maintaining that platform on-premises

• the cloud provider hosts everything—servers, networks, storage, operating system software, middleware, databases—at their data center.

Software-as-a-Service

• also known as cloud-based software or cloud applications

• is application software that’s hosted in the cloud and that you access and use via a web browser, a dedicated desktop client, or an API that integrates with your desktop or mobile operating system

Server Virtualization

• is the act of running multiple operating systems and other software on the same physical hardware at the same time

Botnets

• are programs that use a network connection to communicate with each other to coordinate and perform tasks.

Internet of Things

• is the concept of connecting any device to the Internet and to other connected devices

• is a giant network of connected things and people all of which collect and share data about the way they are used and about the environment around them

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

MEANING OF SMART

Specific

• Is your objective specific enough to convey its full scope

• you should convey enough specific information that the person assigned to the objective can begin their portion of implementation.

Measurable

• Your objective should have a clear indicator of when it is complete.

Attainable

• Is it possible, at all, to complete the objective?

Realistic

• Is it possible to complete the objective given the timeline and resources on hand?

Timely

• Will the objective be useful if it is completed at (not near or before) its deadline?

Typography

• is the study of font

• This allows us to use a tremendous variety of fonts in our sites to add to our look and feel, adding an aspect that has unlocked new approaches to design

Site Maps

• is a file that contains a master list of links to the pages on your site, and can provide information about those pages like how often they are updated, how pages connect to each other, and how important it is relative to the other pages

• are XML documents arranged in hierarchical format that bots read to gain understanding of your site layout, page relevance, and organization

Wireframe

• may include things like location and size of elements such as a login button, where banners and content sections will sit, and provide an overall idea of how a site will operate

• the idea is to create a mockup of one or more designs that portray how the interface might appear to the user

Color Schemes

• These elements influence everything from their impression of what the site represents, its reputability, and even its trustworthiness as an ecommerce option.

Frameworks

• are compilations of code that you can use to quickly start a site with a collection of features already in place

• is a set of files that come with their own instructions, and can be so extensive that they take on a life and syntax beyond the language they are written in

Yii Framework

• focuses on reducing SQL statement writing, follows Model View Controller methods, and helps create themes, web services, and integration with other platforms

• It also includes security, authentication, and unit-based approaches to development

Angular JS

• One of the most popular and well-known frameworks

• It is essentially a JavaScript open-source framework that can help you make single web-page applications using an MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern

Node.JS

• is decidedly the best when you are looking to build a lightweight, yet highly efficient website

• It has the ability to ensure scalability and fast network applications as they are capable of dealing with multiple applications at the same time without compromising on performance

Laravel

• An open-source PHP based framework that is is built with the intent of creating only the best quality applications

• offers a system that is equipped with a dedicated dependency manager, has an inclination towards syntactic sugar, and helps in the application maintenance and deployment

Django

• A python Framework that is impressively quick, secure, scalable, and versatile

• created with the intent of meeting rapidly moving newsroom deadlines while ensuring that they still live up to the demanding requirements of seasoned web developers

CodeIgniter

• is a well-known web application framework for building dynamic websites by EllisLab

• Loosely based on the MVC architecture, the framework mandates Controller classes, but models and views are optional here

• it promises and delivers exceptional performance, almost zero configuration and massive monolithic libraries

Zend

• is an object-oriented web framework that is based on agile methodology and was built for development of enterprise-level applications

• is known for being characteristically fast, secure, and extendable

Templates

• are sets of files that dictate the basic structure that provides a layout to your site

Bootstrap

• created by Twitter in order to help them manage their extremely popular service

• provides tools for styling, interaction elements like forms and buttons, and navigation elements including drop downs, alert boxes, and more

Foundation system

• focuses on front end design and follows the principles of responsive web design

• uses a grid layout to allow flexibility, accelerate prototyping and wire framing, and provides integrated support for multi-platform designs

Visual Studio Code

• is a powerful source code editor that comes with a range of tools for JavaScript development.

• comes with built-in support for JavaScript, TypeScript, and Node.js

Sublime Text

• is a flexible, free IDE for Windows, Mac, and Linux

• It supports a number of different programming and markup languages, including Python, C, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS

Pycharm

• is a decent free IDE for web development in a number of languages, including Python, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, Node.js, and more

Netbeans

• is a free, easy-to-use IDE that works well with JavaScript, HTML, PHP, C, and C++.

• As well as supporting a number of different programming languages, it also is available in English, Brazillian Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, and Simplified Chinese

Bluefish

• is a cross-platform, lightweight IDE that can be used with Windows, macOS, Solaris, and many Linux distros

• It supports a variety of different programming languages, including HTML, CSS, Perl, SQL, Ruby, PHP, Python, and more.

Notepad++

• is a source code text editor with syntax highlighting, multiple document handling using tabs, auto-completion of keywords (customizable), regular expressions in the search and replace function, macro recording and playback, brace and indent highlighting, collapsing and expanding of sections of code, and more

Application Programming Interfaces

• allow us to interact with features and data of a system other than its primary means, whether it is an application or website.

• Created to address needs of data exchange and integration between systems

Web-based APIs

• They allow the pages and scripts end users create to communicate with the data source by using a predetermined vocabulary and fixed amount of options

Document Markup

• is a notation method that defines how particular pieces of information are meant to be formatted

• comes from the practice of marking up manuscripts to notate changes that need to be made

HTML 5.3

• Most widely recognized stable release of HTML5, which refines HTML5 with accessibility, performance, and modern API improvements

HTML Living Standard

• The latest version of HTML maintained by WHATWG and continuously updated

• is the authoritative specification used by all major browsers.

World Wide Web Consortium

• is an international community that supports web development through the creation of open standards that provide the best user experience possible for the widest audience of users

W3C standards

• is also your best reference point in determining the accessibility of your site through the use of tools that analyze your code for W3C compliance.

• These tools confirm if you have fully implemented elements in your code

Document Object Model

• defines the order and structure of document files as well as how the file is manipulated to create, edit, or remove contents.

• It defines the interface methods and object types that represent elements of documents, the semantics and behavior of attributes of those objects, and also defines how they relate to one another

HTML Document

• is a file containing Hypertext Markup Language, and its filename most often ends in the . html extension

• is a text document read in by a Web browser and then rendered on the screen

• contain HTML tags and plain text and are also called web pages

HTML Tags

• are used to mark the beginning and end of document content

• They instruct web browsers as to the type of content they contain, so that the browsers will know how to render the document’s content

Tag Pairs

• Start and end tags

• also called as opening and closing tags

“/“

• Indicates an ending tag or closes a tag

Single tags

• Elements that do not have an end tag

• do not contain any contents

• are self-closed, which is accomplished by placing a / before the closing >

Body

• Identifies the part of the document that holds the content

Head

• Identifies the part of the document that contains the information about the document

html

• The root element that contains all the other elements

DOCTYPE declaration

• is an instruction to the web browser that this document is an HTML document

<meta>

• it specifies the character encoding (the standardized collection of letters, numbers, and symbols) used in the document.

<title>

• Gives the page a title

<style>

• This tag is used to embed an internal style sheet into a document

<link>

• This tag is used to set up a link to an external style sheet document

<script>

• This tag is used to add scripts to your documents

Text

• Refers to the written content displayed on a webpage.

• It can be structured, styled, and formatted using different tags

<p></p>

• indicates paragraphs

<br>

• tag is used when you want to start a new line, but don't want to start a new paragraph

<hr>

• element is used for horizontal rules that act as dividers between sections

<b> </b>

• Used to make the characters appear bold

<i></i>

• Used to make the words Italic

<sup>

• is used to contain characters that should be superscript such as the suffixes of dates or mathematical concepts like raising a number to a power such as 2^2

<sub>

• is used to contain characters that should be subscript. It is commonly used with foot notes or chemical formulas

<strong>

• indicates that its content has strong importance

• By default, browsers will show the contents of this element in bold

<em>

• indicates emphasis that subtly changes the meaning of a sentence

• By default browsers will show the contents of this element in italic

Lists

• used to organize and display text to structure them clearly

ordered, unordered, definition

Types of lists

Ordered Lists

• are lists where each item in the list is numbered

• uses <ol></ol> tags

List Items

• Uses <li></li> tags

• It is used to put contents on lists

Unordered Lists

• are lists that begin with a bullet point

• It is created using <ul></ul> tags

Definition Lists

• are made up of a set of terms along with the definitions for each of those terms

<dt>

• is used to contain the term being defined

<dd>

• is used to contain the definition

Links

• are the defining feature of the web because they allow you to move from one web page to another

href

• attribute provides the address of the page or resource (its URL) to the browser

Absolute, Relative

Types of URLs

Absolute URLs

• Used when pointing to a document out on the web or outside your own server

Relative URLs

• Used when linking another document on your site

• i.e linking html documents together

Directories

• Folders on a website that contains different sections of the site

Root folder

• contains all of the other files and folders for a website

• Each section of the site is placed in a separate folder; this helps organize the files

Family tree

• Relationship between the files and the folders on a website