Ch. 5 Shoulder Muscles Blue Boxes

What are the axioscapular muscles?

Trapezius

Levator Scapulae

Rhomboid Major/Minor

Serratus Anterior

Pectoralis Minor

What does the upper trapezius muscle do unilaterally?

Elevates the scapula

Upwardly rotates the scapula

Rotates head and neck to OS

Laterally flexes head/neck to SS

What are the actions of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle bilaterally?

Extend the head and neck

What is the action of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

adduct the scapula

stabilize the scapula

What is the action of the lower trapezius fibers?

Depresses the scapula (ST joint)

Upwardly rotates the scapula (ST joint)

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and ventral ramus c2-c4

what is a purposeful activity for the upper and lower trapezius?

reaching for an object overhead

what is a purposeful activity for the middle trapezius?

rowing a kayak or canoe

What is the unilateral action of the levator scapulae?

Elevates the scapula (ST jt)

Downwardly rotates the scapula (ST jt)

Laterally flexes Head/neck

Rotates head/neck to SS

What is the bilateral action of the levator scapulae?

extends the head and neck

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

cervical c3 and c4

dorsal scapular c4 and c5

what is a purposeful activity of the levator scapula?

shrugging shoulders (nonverbal communication) or carrying a briefcase

What is the action of the Rhomboid major and minor?

Elevates the scapula (ST jt)

Downwardly rotates the scapula (ST jt)

Adducts the scapula (ST jt)

What nerve innervates the rhomboid major and minor?

dorsal scapular c4 and c5

What is the purposeful activity of the rhomboid major and minor?

reaching into your back pocket

What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?

Depresses the scapula

Downwardly rotates the scapula

Abducts the scapula

with scapula fixed: Elevates the thorax during inhalation

what nerves innervate the pectoralis minor?

medial and lateral pectorsals c6-c8, t1

what is the purposeful activity of the pectoralis minor?

taking a deepp breath, walking with crutches

What is the action of the Serratus Anterior muscle?

Depresses the scapula

Abducts the scapula

Upwardly rotates the scapula

Holds the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage

with scapula fixed: Elevates the thorax during inhalation

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

long thoracic c5-c8

what is the purposeful activity of the serratus anterior?

pushing open a heavy door

What are the Rotator Cuff muscles?

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

Internally rotates the Shoulder (GHJ)

Stabilizes the head of humerus in the glenoid cavity

what nerve innervates the subscapularis?

upper and lower subscapular nerves c5-c7

what is the purposeful activity of the subscapularis?

toileting, donning a bra, throwing a baseball

What is the action of the Supraspinatus muscle?

ABducts the shoulder (GHJ)

stabilizes the shoulder

High up so originates on Supraspinous fossa

Inserts on the greater tubercle of humerus

what nerve innervates the supraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve c4-c6

what is the purposeful activity of the supraspinatus?

painting overhead or washing your hair

What is the action of the Infraspinatus muscle?

External rotation of the humerus (GHJ)

ADDuction of the shoulder (GHJ)

stabilize the head of the humerus

Extravert so inserts from the Greater tubercle of humerus

Originates on infraspinatus fossa of scapula

what nerve innervates the infraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve c4-c6

what is the purposeful activity of the infraspinatus?

playing a racket sport or table tennis

What is the action of the Teres minor muscle?

External rotation of shoulder

Adduction of shoulder

stabilize the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Besties with infraspinatus so inserts in greater tubercle

Originates on Lateral border of scapula

what nerve innervates the teres minor?

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

what is the purposeful activity of the teres minor?

washing the back of head and neck

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

Deltoid

Rotator cuff

Teres Major

Coracobrachialis

What are the actions of the anterior fibers of the deltoid?

Flexes the shoulder

Internally rotates the shoulder

horizontally ADDucts shoulder

Closest to body so originates on Clavicle

inserts on Deltoid tuberosity

What are the actions of the posterior fibers of the deltoid?

Extends the shoulder

Externally rotates the shoulder

Horizontally ABducts the shoulder

Furthest from body so originates on the spine of scapula

inserts on the deltoid tuberosity

What are the actions of the middle acromial portion of the deltoid?

ABducts the shoulder

Middle portion so originates on the acromion process of the scapula

inserts on the deltoid tuberosity

what nerve innervates the deltoid?

Axillary (C5-C6)

What is the purpoeful activity of the deltoid?

doing yoga poses with your arms overhead (anterior) reaching for (anterior) and putting on (posterior) your seatbelt

What are the actions of the teres major?

Extend shoulder

ADDucts the shoulder

Internally rotates the shoulder

Inserts on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Originates on the inferior angle of the scapula

What nerve innervates the teres major?

lower subscapular nerve c5-c7

What is the purposeful activity of the teres major?

toileting and perineal care

what is the purposeful activity of the latissimus dorsi?

wheelchair mobility (propelling a wheelchair forward), standing from sitting

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

extend the shoulder

adduct the shoulder

internally (medially) rotate the shoulder

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

what is the purposeful activity of the coracobrachialis?

placing groceries in the refridgerator, carrying a laundry basket

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

flex the shoulder

adduct the shoulder

What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?

musculocutaneous nerve c6,c7

what is the purposeful activity of the pectoralis major?

reaching across the body into an overhead cabinet , putting on a seatbelt

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

All:

adduct the shoulder

internally rotate the shoulder

assist to elevate the thorax during inhalation

Clavicular fibers:

flex the shoulder

horizontally adduct the shoulder

Sternocostal fibers:

extend the shoulder

What nerve innervates the pectoralis major?

Clavicular fibers: lateral pectoral c5-c7

Sternocostal fibers: medial and lateral pectoral c6-c8, t1

medial scapular winging

serratus anterior (long thoracic nerve)

lateral scapular winging

trapezius (spinal accessory nerve)

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Decreased passive and active range of motion

More stiffness than pain-limited ability to lift arm

bicipital tendonitis

Often accompanies rotator cuff tendonitis

Pain can be severe and radiates down anterior aspect of humerus

-bicipital groove tenderness and pain with shoulder flexion and supination.

glenohumeral subluxation

humeral head partially dislocates inferiorly; can be from hemiparesis

Subacromial Impingement

Compression of the soft tissues between acromion and humeral head