Film final exam study

Rushmore director

Wes anderson

The graduate director

Mike Nichols

Birdman director

Alejandro González Iñárritu

Hunger director

Steve Mcqueen

The Wrestler director

Darren Aronofsky

Festen Director

Thomas Vinterberg

The Squid and the Whale director

Noah Baumbach

4 months, 3 weeks, 2 days director

Cristian Mungiu

Ex Machina director

alex garland

The Thin Red Line director

Terrence Malick

12 Years a Slave director

Steve Mcqueen

Magnolia Director

Paul Thomas Anderson

180 degree rule

an imaginary line on one side of the action is drawn and the camera must not cross over that line to shoot from the other direction.

Angle

The position of the camera or point of view in relation to the subject being filmed. consider the angle at which the camera frame shows us the action.

Close-up

An image in which the distance between the subject and the boundaries of the frame is very short

Crane Shot

An image captured by a camera mounted on a mechanical device or structure that can reach heights that no human alone could reach

Full Shot

A sub-type of long shot that shows the whole body of the individual being filmed.

Hand-held shot

An image filmed from the shoulder of a cameraperson, usually creating the subjective point of view of a character.

High-angle shot

Point of view in a shot captured when the camera is above the subject being filmed, aiming down.

Long shot

An image in which the distance between the subject and the boundaries of the frame is great, used to show full bodies and wider areas of view.

Low-angle shot

Point of view in a shot captured when the camera is below the subject being filmed, aiming up.

Medium shot

An image that shows an individual from the knees or waist up. Between a close-up and full shot.

mirror shot

An image that reveals a character or action through its reflection.

Panning shot

An image captured when the camera pivots horizontally from left to right or right to left without changing its position.

Take

Similar in meaning to the term shot, a take is the recording of an image on film, usually used in writing as a temporal measure, such as a "long take" or a "short take."

tilt shot

An image captured when the camera pivots vertically up or down without changing its position.

Tracking shot

A shot where the camera physically moves through space, to follow a subject or create a moving point of view.

Zoom shot

An image in which the size of an object in the frame changes according to focal adjustments of the lens, without moving the camera at all.

Continuity

An editing style that arranges shots in a smooth, chronological order so the action flows naturally and the cuts feel invisible.

Cross-Cutting

An editing technique that alternates between two different actions or scenes. Often used to establish parallel action, especially in different locations.

Cutaway shot

A brief shot that interrupts a continuously-filmed action. This cutaway shot, which usually shows a related action, object, or person but does not have to be part of the main action around it

cutting

Changing from one image to another; part of the editing process, the cut is a basic way to create the sensation of motion in film.

Dissolve

An editing transition whereby one image fades out while another fades in.

Editing

the process after filming through which shots are combined into larger units of meaning

Establishing Shot

A shot that locates a scene clearly in a certain place before the rest of the action unfolds.

Fade-in

An editing transition in which an image gradually appears on a blackened screen.

Fade-out

An editing transition in which an image gradually disappears onto a blackened screen.

Insert-shot

A shot that occurs in the middle of a larger scene or shot, usually a close-up of some detail or object, that draws special attention from the audience, provides more detailed information, or simply breaks up the action.

Jump Cut

Created by splicing out the middle part of a continuous shot, creating a jump in time.

Juxtaposition

the placement of two images, characters, objects, or scenes next to each other in order to contrast them or show some other kind of relationship.

Match Cut

General term for an edit that links two shots by a continuous sound or action.

Montage

A specific kind of editing in which objects and figures are linked in a variety of creative or unexpected ways.

Reaction shot

A shot that cuts from an object, character, or action to show the reaction of a character who sees it or hears it.

Scene

A space of time within which a narrative action takes place.

sequence

A series of scenes unified by a shared action or motif.

Shot

The basic division of a film, a shot is a continuously exposed and unedited image of any length.

Shot/reverse shot

An editing pattern that cuts between individuals according to the logic of their conversation.

Wipe

An editing transition whereby a line crossing (or "wiping") one image replaces it with another image.

Composition

The arrangement and relationship of the visual elements within a frame.

deep focus

A perspective that allows the audience to see objects and people in the background, far back, as sharply at it sees them in foreground, close up.

Depth of field

Depth of field is the range of distance or area between the closest and farthest planes in which the image is in sharp or acceptable focus.

Planes of view

(1) a foreground, (2) a middle-ground, and (3) a background.

Focus

The clarity and detail of an image, produced by the type of lens used and the distance between the camera and the object being filmed.

Fourth Wall

The imaginary, invisible window through which the audience looks to watch the action unfold in a film; this fourth wall separating the audience from the fictional world

Frame

The borders separating an image from the darkness of a theater within which the elements of the mise-en-scène are composed.

loose frame

A perspective in which the image in the frame is spacious or open.

Motion

There are three kinds of motion in a moving picture: (1) motion of the subject (2) motion of the camera and (3) motion conveyed by the cut

Off-Screen Space

Areas that are not shown by the image but sometimes suggested by actions or words within the image.

perspective

the spatial relationships between the different objects and figures in the frame.

rack focus

A quick change of focus within a shot so that one object appears suddenly out of focus and another appears suddenly in focus.

shallow focus

A perspective that allows the audience to see only objects and persons in the foreground of the image clearly.

tight frame

A perspective in which the image in the frame is crowded or confined.

Acting style

the way an actor plays his or her part.

actors

human beings whose job it is to play roles in a film.

diegetic

elements of the film (dialogue, sounds, action) that naturally originate within the content of the frame

lighting

how actors or objects are illuminated

mise-en-scène

The arrangement of visual elements and movement and the way they are actually filmed, including sets, lighting, costumes, props, actors, and camera positioning.

Set

The place or location used for a specific scene or shot in a film.

Special Effects

A term used to describe a range of technological additions to the film to manipulate or alter what has been filmed.

Formalism

A critical approach that attends mainly to the structure and style of a movie or a group of movies.

genre

A critical category for organizing films according to shared themes, styles, and narrative structures

ideology

The main focus of some analytical approaches to film, ideology is the stated or unstated social and personal values that inform a movie or group of movies.

Screenplay

The literary description of film that may be a description of characters, dialogue, and actions

direct sound

Elements of sound recorded at the same time as the image is filmed.

dubbed sound

Dialogue or other sound effects recorded during the editing of a film, after the image has been photographed

sound

The audible dimension of a film that most of us notice

sound effects

Any number of uses of sound other than music or dialogue

allegory

A type of storytelling in which the characters and events stand for other ideas;

ambiguity

A situation, sequence of events, scene, character, line of dialogue, etc. that does not have a clear meaning. If something is ambiguous, it is difficult to interpret with certainty.

Catharsis

The purging of emotional tension that an audience is meant to experience at the climactic moment of a film.

Characters

The individuals who appear in are part of the narrative of the films we watch.

Climax

the highest point of anxiety or tension in the story being told

Dramatic irony

An effect created when the viewer, and perhaps another character in the film, knows something that another character does not know.

ellipsis

Indicates when periods of time have been left out of the narrative.

epiphany

A moment when a character in a film experiences a sudden insight, whether emotional or spiritual, that usually leads to a change in action or attitude.

exposition

The explanation of important background information for the events of a story.

Flashback

An image, scene, or sequence that appears in a narrative in "present time" to describe a past action or event.

Motif

A thematic element in a film that is repeated in some memorable way, sometimes to the point of creating a pattern

Narrative

The construction or telling of a story through a particular point of view and arrangement of events

Parallel action

A plot technique in which two or more actions are linked by the film to appear simultaneous, often achieved with cross-cutting.

plot

the arrangement of events in a story in a certain order or structure

Point of View

The position from which an action or subject is seen, often determining its significance.

realism

An approach to storytelling that attempts to show how the world really is.

Situational Irony

An effect created when something happens that the viewer does not expect to happen.

Story

all the events shown to us on the screen or that we have assumed to happen in the parts left out.

Voice over

The voice of someone not seen in the narrative image who describes or comments on that image