Unit 1.2 Biomed III

Answer with definition

Antibiotic

A substance produced by or derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism.

Antibiotic resistance

Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to additional genetic information

Conjugation

The one-way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contact

Nucleoid

The DNA-containing area of a bacterial cell

Plasmid

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome

A substance that provides protection for bacteria against invading pathogens is a(n)

Endotoxin

When a bacterial culture dies off, it often leaves behind fragments of DNA that other bacterial cells can pick up & incorporate into their own genomes. This process is known as…

Transformation

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target…

The supercoiling of the chromosomal DNA

The method of antibiotic resistance that occurs when a bacterial cell contains a gene that allows it to directly counteract the effect of an antibiotic is called…

Mutation

When a regular course of antibiotics is taken as prescribed, which bacteria will decrease in population first?

Least resistant bacteria

Penicillin antibiotics target…

The peptide bridges of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

Bacteriophages play a crucial role in…

Transduction

Ampicillin works by targeting peptidoglycan production in bacteria. Therefore, ampicillin works more effectively on…

Gram positive bacteria

Efflux will allow a bacterial cell to…

Pump antibiotic molecules out of the cell.

During conjugation, which bacterial cell will transfer its DNA?

The bacteria whose DNA contains a gene for the fertility factor.

Has a thick wall of peptidoglycan

Gram positive bacteria

Has a thin wall of peptidoglycan

Gram negative bacteria

Sulfonamide antibiotics target…

A substrate in the pathway for folic acid biosynthesis

Bacteria produces enzyme that destroys antibiotics before it reaches its target

Destruction/inactivation

Change in DNA → change in protein made

Mutation

Bacteria uses a pump to expel antibiotics and prevents it from accumulating

Efflux