Antibiotics: Resistance, Beta-Lactams, Ceftriaxone & Vancomycin

What is a major cause of antibiotic resistance?

Ending an antibiotic prescription early.

What type of infections do beta-lactams primarily treat?

Bacterial infections by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Name a class of antibiotics organized into generations based on effectiveness.

Cephalosporins.

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of ceftriaxone?

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis causing cell lysis.

List one indication for ceftriaxone.

Otitis media, bacteremia, sepsis, surgical infection prophylaxis, or respiratory infections.

What are common side effects (SE) of ceftriaxone?

GI distress, nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis, angioedema.

What should be assessed before administering ceftriaxone?

Penicillin allergy due to cross-sensitivity.

What is the MOA of vancomycin?

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.

What is one indication for vancomycin?

Severe MRSA infections or C. difficile.

What are potential side effects of vancomycin?

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, GI upset, and infusion site reactions.

What syndrome is associated with vancomycin infusion?

Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome.

What should be monitored closely during vancomycin administration?

Renal status and urine output.

What is one prevention method for antibiotic resistance?

Completing the full prescribed dose.

How can drug levels be maintained to prevent resistance?

Maintain drug levels above minimum effective concentration.

What is a benefit of drug combination therapy?

It can help prevent antibiotic resistance.

What is a key point regarding the use of ceftriaxone with food?

Take with food to decrease GI side effects.

What effect can ceftriaxone have on oral contraceptives?

May decrease their effectiveness.