Materials Science, NDT, and Material Properties Review

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering non-destructive testing (NDT), materials science and engineering, nanomaterials, composite materials, electrical and magnetic properties, thermal and chemical properties, and chemical bonding.

The non-destructive testing method that uses high-frequency sound waves to map internal volumetric discontinuities and locate deep internal flaws is __________.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

The inspection technique that utilizes X-rays or gamma radiation to capture internal structural density variations is __________.

Radiographic Testing (RT)

According to NDT selection criteria, the primary material limitation when performing Visual Testing (VT) on industrial assets is that __________.

Line-of-sight is required

The three primary zero-damage benefits highlighted under the fundamental paradigm of Non-Destructive Testing are __________.

Zero material damage, Flaw characterization and Lifecycle

The specific type of target flaws detected using Eddy Current (ET) testing are __________.

Near-surface defects

The field that combines engineering, physics, and chemistry to understand materials and their properties is __________.

Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)

The term "Nano" originates from the ancient Greek word "Nanos", which means __________.

dwarf

A unit of length equal to one-billionth of a meter or $0.000000001\text{ meter}$ is a __________.

Nanometer

Extremely tiny materials that measure about one billionth of a meter are known as __________.

Nanomaterials

The discipline that studies tiny structures that are less than $100\text{ nanometers}$ in size is __________.

Nanoscience

A material formed by combining two or more chemically distinct materials on a macroscopic scale to form a new material with superior properties is a __________.

Composite material (or Composite)

In a composite material, the continuous phase that surrounds, binds, and protects the reinforcement phase is the __________.

Matrix (or Matrix phase)

The component of a composite material that provides the primary strength, stiffness, and load-bearing capacity is the __________.

Reinforcement (or Reinforcement phase / Fibers)

A composite material consisting of multiple thin layers bonded together, where each layer may have a different fiber orientation, is called a __________.

Laminate

The category of composites that uses metals like aluminum, magnesium, or titanium as the matrix, typically reinforced with ceramic fibers to withstand extreme temperatures, is __________.

Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)

The three common types of magnetic materials are __________.

Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic materials

In electrical applications, ceramic and polymer materials are commonly used for __________.

electrical insulation, protective coverings, coatings, and insulating parts

The ability of a material to allow electric current to pass through it is termed __________.

Conductivity

The property that describes how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current is __________.

Resistivity

Materials that can respond to or interact with magnetic fields are called __________.

Magnetic materials

The chemical property describing the ability of a material to resist damage caused by chemical reactions with its environment, such as rusting, is __________.

Corrosion Resistance

The thermal property that measures how well a material can transfer heat from one point to another is __________.

Thermal Conductivity

The chemical property that refers to how easily a substance can catch fire and burn in air is __________.

Flammability

The tendency of a material to change in size or volume when its temperature changes is known as __________.

Thermal Expansion

The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of $1\,\text{kg}$ of a substance by $1\,^\circ\text{C}$ is called __________.

Specific Heat Capacity

Chemical bonding is fundamentally defined as __________.

The force that holds atoms together

The type of chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom is an __________.

Ionic bond

The type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share their electrons is a __________.

Covalent bond

The type of bonding that occurs between metal atoms, where electrons move freely around them, is a __________.

Metallic bond

The chemical compound formed when sodium and chlorine mix together is __________.

Sodium Chloride

The composition of an engineering material refers to __________.

The elements and substances that make up the material

Between pure copper, pure aluminum, steel, and glass, the material classified as an alloy is __________.

Steel

The element primarily added to iron to produce steel is __________.

Carbon

The category of engineering materials that is generally lightweight and resistant to corrosion is __________.

Polymers

The general relationship between material composition, structure, and properties follows the progression: __________.

Composition → Structure → Properties → Performance