MIBO Ch 15 Adaptive Immunity

adaptive immunity

slow primary response - creates memory to specific agent

secondary response - enhanced response to same agent

components of adaptive immunity

humoral immunity (B cell and antibodies) - eliminates pathogens and agents that dont appear to be “self”

cell mediated immunity (T cells) - targets infected human cells

naive lymphocyte

has not encountered an antigen

activated lymphocyte

receives signal and begins to proliferate

effector lymphocyte

short lived, primary response

memory lymphocyte

long lived, secondary response

lymphatic system

central area for B and T cells to come in contact with foreign antigens

lymph enters lymphatic vessel from tissue

empties into vein

primary lymphoid organs

thymus and bone marrow

secondary lymphoid organs

lymph nodes

spleen

tonsils

SALT

skin associated lymphoid tissue

lymphoid tissue under the skin

MALT

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

peyers patches

found in intestine, “samples” intestinal contents via M cells

humoral immunity

b cells mature in bone marrow

triggered to proliferate, differentiate into plasma cells in response to extracellular antigens

produce y-shaped proteins called antibodies

antigens

antibody generator

a molecule that reacts specifically with an antibody, a b-cell receptor, or t-cell receptor

can be proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, or glycolipids

epitope

binds to antibodies, b cell receptors, and t cell receptors

immunogenic

ability of an antigen to elicit an immune response

antibodies

also called immunoglobulins (Ig)

glycoprotein

bind to antigens

produced by B cells

variable region

functions in binding to antigen

accounts for specificity of antibody

constant region

recognized by immune system

determines antibody class

IgM

first Ig made in response to antigens

cannot cross the placenta

aggregates very effectively

IgG

activates classical pathway

opsonizes pathogens

neutralizes toxins

cross placenta

produced in colostrum

secretory IgA

produced at mucosal surfaces

abundant in breastmilk, saliva, and tears