Instruction and Assessment- Social Studies

George Washington

the first president of the United States

Also served as:

a member of the First and Second Continental Congress

Commander-in-Chief of the colonial armies during the American Revolution

President of the Constitutional Convention

Backward Design / Planning

lesson planning that begins with the desired outcome in mind

Jim Crow Laws

Laws written after Reconstruction that enforced segregation in the South. Restricted the civil rights of black citizens, such as voting and educational equalities.

Scaffolding

providing temporary support to students to achieve a task

french and indian war

1756-1763. Conflict between the British and the French, who allied with Native American tribes. Britain's victory gave them all lands east of the Mississippi River and established them as the dominant force in North America.

Stages of Development (Erikson)

Learning theory developed by Erik Erikson - people must pass through eight life stages in order to fulfill their own potential. Failure to complete any phase will hinder their ability to continue growth with success.

Preamble

an introductory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy

Bloom's Taxonomy

a hierarchy of levels of knowledge; each level has associated verbs teachers can use to start questions

Opportunity Cost

the cost of the next best opportunity a person gives up when they make an economic choice

Scarcity

In Economics, the fact that there are not enough resources to fulfill all human needs and desires

Progressive Era

The rapid economic expansion of the Second Industrial Revolution also led to an increase in the difference between the haves and the have-nots, as well as the growth of oligopolies and monopolies

Tier 1 Words

common words that are already familiar to students when they enter school; do not need to be taught in a classroom setting

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

theory that attempts to explain the sequence of children's intellectual development by separating childhood into four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations

Market Economy

An economic system where decisions about production, consumption and investment are guided by the price of goods and services, which are determined by the laws of supply and demand.

ww1

An economic system where decisions about production, consumption and investment are guided by the price of goods and services, which are determined by the laws of supply and demand.

Free Trade

the ability for one country to trade with another without hindrance so that all goods can be produced with the greatest efficiency

market

a space in which goods are exchanged

Secondary Source

these resources are used to interpret the primary sources in order to determine their validity; written about the primary sources

services

intangible activities or work that people or businesses provide for others in exchange for payment

K-W-L Chart

graphic organizer used throughout a unit that shows what students know (K), want to know (W), and learned (L)

Representative Democracy / Democratic Republic

A system of government in which all eligible citizens vote to elect representatives to act on their behalf

Auditory Learning

learning through listening and speaking

Human-Environment Interaction

The ways in which people and places interact with and influence each other. One of the 5 themes of geography.

Overarching Question

broad question that spans an entire course or several units

Supporting Question

narrower question answered directly with content knowledge and facts from sources that helps answer a compelling question

Teacher Wait Time

the silence that often comes after a question has been asked but before students have finished considering their answer and/or find the courage to speak up

Human Migration

the movement of people from one location to another

Guiding Questions

questions that lead to a deeper understanding by arousing curiosity and interest

Explicit Teaching

the process of teaching by communicating clear expectations and giving specific feedback to students

Learning Style

the manner in which a student learns best

Data and Visual Interpretation

reading and drawing conclusions from charts, graphs, tables, timelines, photographs, and political cartoons

Close Reading

a teaching strategy in which students carefully and purposefully read and reread a text

ww2

Fought from 1939-1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union).

Argumentation

to prove the author’s point through reasoning and evidence