Axial Muscles

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Last updated 4:45 PM on 10/6/26
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25 Terms

1
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Muscles of facial expression

  • buccinator

  • occipitofrontalis: occipitalis and frontalis

  • orbicularis oculi

  • orbicularis oris

  • platysma


2
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<p>buccinator</p>

buccinator

  • deep on lateral aspect of face

  • deep to masseter

  • compresses cheek against teeth


<ul><li><p>deep on lateral aspect of face</p></li><li><p>deep to masseter</p></li><li><p>compresses cheek against teeth</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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epicranius

occipitofrontalis

  • occipitalis

  • frontalis


4
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occipitalis

  • overlies occipital bone

  • retract scalp


<ul><li><p>overlies occipital bone</p></li><li><p>retract scalp</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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frontalis

  • overlies frontal bone

  • inserts in skin of eyebrows

  • elevates eyebrows

  • wrinkles forehead


<ul><li><p>overlies frontal bone</p></li><li><p>inserts in skin of eyebrows</p></li><li><p>elevates eyebrows</p></li><li><p>wrinkles forehead</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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orbicularis oculi

  • encircles orbit / eye

  • closes eye

  • winking, squinting


<ul><li><p>encircles orbit / eye</p></li><li><p>closes eye</p></li><li><p>winking, squinting</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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orbicularis oris

  • encircles opening of oral cavity

  • closes and puckers mouth


<ul><li><p>encircles opening of oral cavity</p></li><li><p>closes and puckers mouth</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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platysma

  • most superficial neck muscle

  • origin: sternum / clavicle

  • inserts: mandible

  • depresses lower lip


<ul><li><p>most superficial neck muscle</p></li><li><p>origin: sternum / clavicle</p></li><li><p>inserts: mandible</p></li><li><p>depresses lower lip</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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muscles of mastication

  • temporalis

  • masseter


10
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temporalis

  • origin: parietal bone

  • overlies temporal bone

  • inserts: coronoid process of mandible

  • elevate (close) mandible

  • retract mandible


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#9ffff5" style="background-color: rgb(159, 255, 245); color: inherit;">origin: parietal bone</mark></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="#9ffff5" style="background-color: rgb(159, 255, 245); color: inherit;">overlies temporal bone</mark></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="#9ffff5" style="background-color: rgb(159, 255, 245); color: inherit;">inserts: coronoid process of mandible</mark></p></li><li><p>elevate (close) mandible</p></li><li><p>retract mandible</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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masseter

  • zygomatic arch to mandible

  • assists temporalis is elevating mandible

  • protracts mandible


<ul><li><p>zygomatic arch to mandible</p></li><li><p>assists temporalis is elevating mandible</p></li><li><p>protracts mandible</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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genioglossus

  • sagittal plane

  • origin: mandible

  • inserts: undersurface of tongue

  • depress tongue

  • protract tongue


<ul><li><p>sagittal plane</p></li><li><p>origin: mandible</p></li><li><p>inserts: undersurface of tongue</p></li><li><p>depress tongue</p></li><li><p>protract tongue</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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hyoglossus

hyoid to sides of tongue

  • depresses sides of tongue

  • deep to genioglossus


<p>hyoid to sides of tongue</p><ul><li><p>depresses sides of tongue</p></li><li><p>deep to genioglossus</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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Muscles of anterior and lateral neck

superior:

  • platysma

  • sternocleidomastoid

deep muscles:

  • suprahyoid muscles

  • infrahyoid muscles


15
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sternocleidomastoid

  • lateral neck

  • deep to platysma

  • both contracted: flex neck

  • one contracted: turns head to opposite side


<ul><li><p>lateral neck</p></li><li><p>deep to platysma</p></li><li><p>both contracted: flex neck</p></li><li><p>one contracted: turns head to opposite side</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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suprahyoid muscles

  • superior to hyoid

  • elevate hyoid bone


<ul><li><p>superior to hyoid</p></li><li><p>elevate hyoid bone</p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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infrahyoid muscles

  • inferior to hyoid

  • depress hyoid

  • move thyroid cartilage


18
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Muscles of trunk

  • erector spinae

    • iliocostalis

    • longissimus

    • spinalis

  • splenius capitus


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erector spinae

  • massive group of deep muscles on the back

  • extend from sacrum to posterior skull

  • lateral to medial: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

  • all extend vertebral column


<ul><li><p>massive group of deep muscles on the back</p></li><li><p>extend from sacrum to posterior skull</p></li><li><p>lateral to medial: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis</p></li><li><p>all extend vertebral column</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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<p>splenius capitus</p>

splenius capitus

  • deep to trapezius muscle

  • spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to back of head

  • rotates head to same side

  • contracted muscles: extend neck

  • medial to spine


<ul><li><p>deep to trapezius muscle</p></li><li><p>spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to back of head</p></li><li><p>rotates head to same side</p></li><li><p>contracted muscles: extend neck</p></li><li><p>medial to spine</p></li></ul><p></p>
21
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muscles of respiration

external intercostals

internal intercostals

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external intercostals

  • extend between two ribs

  • inspiration

  • increase diameter of thoracic cavity

  • elevate ribs


<ul><li><p>extend between two ribs </p></li><li><p>inspiration</p></li><li><p>increase diameter of thoracic cavity</p></li><li><p>elevate ribs</p></li></ul><p></p>
23
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internal intercostals

  • extend between two ribs

  • depress ribs during forced expiration

  • decrease lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity


<ul><li><p>extend between two ribs</p></li><li><p>depress ribs during forced expiration</p></li><li><p>decrease lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity</p></li></ul><p></p>
24
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scalenes

  • origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

  • insert: 1st and 2nd ribs

  • elevate ribs during forced inspiration


<ul><li><p><mark data-color="#9ffdff" style="background-color: rgb(159, 253, 255); color: inherit;">origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae</mark></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="#9ffdff" style="background-color: rgb(159, 253, 255); color: inherit;">insert: 1st and 2nd ribs</mark></p></li><li><p>elevate ribs during forced inspiration</p></li></ul><p></p>
25
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thoracic diaphragm

  • flatten during inspiration

  • increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity


<ul><li><p>flatten during inspiration</p></li><li><p>increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity</p></li></ul><p></p>