pharmacognosy 4 - Oligosaccharides & Polysaccharides

Gentianose

Gentianose

Glu- Glu -Fru

Raffinose

Gal- Glu- Fru

Maltotriose

Glu- Glu- Glu

Melezitose

Glu- -Fru -Glu

Stachyose

Gal- Gal- Glu- Fru

3-10 sugar units

Oligosaccharides has __ sugar units

More than 10 sugar units

Polysaccharides has __ sugar units

• Homoglycan

• Heteroglycan

Polysaccharides are divided into two categories known as:

Homoglycans

a polysaccharides that when it is hydrolyzed it will form same type of sugar units

Heteroglycans

a polysaccharides that when it is hydrolyzed it will form different type of sugar units

Starch

when it is hydrolyzed it is converted to Glucose ONLY!

• Starch → Glucose

• Inulin → Fructose

examples of Homoglycans

Zea mays, Poaceae

Scientific and Family name of Corn:

Solanum tuberosum, Solanaceae

Scientific and Family name of Potato:

Triticum aestivum, Poaceae

Scientific and Family name of Wheat:

Oryza sativa, Poaceae

Scientific and Family name of Rice:

Manihot esculenta, EUPORBIACEAE

Scientific and Family name of Cassava:

Cassava

common source of tapioca

• Amylose

• Amylopectin

what are the two starch constituents?

Amylose

• Composed of 250-300 Glucose units linked by apha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

• 25% (20-30%)

Amylopectin

• Composed of more than 1000 Glucose units linked by apha 1,4, and alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds

• 75% (70-80%)

Linear Starch or Helical Starch

Amylose is also known as

Branch Starch

Amylopectin is also known as

• Pharmaceutics

• Pharmacologic

Uses of Starch can be:

• Filler

• Binder

• Disintegrant

pharmaceutics use of starch

• antidote for iodine poisoning

• 6% plasma expander

pharmacologic use of starch

Hetastarch

a type of starch that is use as a plasma expander

Starch Slurry/Suspension

a type of starch that is use as an antidote for poisoning

Pregelatinized Starch

chemically or mechanically processed to rupture all or part of the granules

Inulin

yields Fructose units only when hydrolyzed

Diagnostic Aid for for renal dysfunction

use of Inulin in medicine:

• Chicory (blue dandelion)

• Cone Flower

Plant Sources of Inulin

Chicorium intybus, Asteraceae

Scientific and Family name of Chicory:

• Echinaceae angustifolia,

• Echinaceae PURPUREA

Scientific and Family name of Cone Flower:

Dextrins

incomplete/partial hydrolysis of STARCH

Dextran

Microbial product: Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Dextran Sucrase or Transglucosylase

This enzyme catalyzes:

Sugars -→ Dextran

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Dextran is also use as a 6% Plasma Expander for severe bleeding or hemorrhage

Cotton

• Source of Celullose that is Soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows around the seeds of Gossypium hirsutum, Malvaceae

• use to make flexible collodion

Flexible Colloidan

it is a mechanical/topical protectant

Pyroxylin or Soluble Guncotton

A flammable mixture of cellulose nitrates, usually with less than 12.5% nitrogen, that is soluble in a mixture of ether and alcohol or other organic solvents

water proof

adding 2% of camphor in the collodion can make the collodion what?

Flexible

adding 3% of castor oil in the collodion can make the collodion what?

sulfuric acid + nitric acid

a solvent that is added to cotton to make souble guncotton

• 3 parts of Ether

• 1 part of Ethanol

a solvent that is added to guncotton to make colloidion

Soluble

Amylose starch is a water __

Insoluble

Amylopectin starch is a water __

Blue

Amylose forms __ color w/ iodine TS

Violet

Amylopectin forms __ color w/ iodine TS

Fructosan

If starch is a glucosan, Inulin, which is converted to Fructose units only is a