SEMIO CH7 TRIGGER

PRIMARY SOURCE OF IMMEDIATE ENERGY

CARBOHYDRATES

3 FONCTIONS LIPIDES

ENERGY STORAGE + CELL MEMBRANE + HORMONE SYNTHESIS

3 FONCTIONS PROT°

TISSUE REPAIR + GROWTH + MAINTENANCE

PROTÉINES PERMETTENT DE FORMER ?

ANTIBODIES ET ENZYMES

FONCTIONS VITAMINES

REGULATE METABOLIC REACTIONS

WATER 3 FONCTIONS

CHEMICAL REACTIONS + TRANSPORT + TEMPERATURE REGULATION

DIGESTION

FOOD BROKEN INTO SMALLER MOLECULES

3 LIEUX DIGESTION

MOUTH / STOMACH / SMALL INTESTINE

ABSORPTION

ALREADY DIGESTED NUTRIENTS PASS INTO BLOOD OR LYMPH

PRINCIPAL LIEU ABSORPTION

SMALL INTESTINE

3 ENERGETIC NUTRIENTS

CARBOHYDRATES PROT° LIPIDS

3 NON ENERGETIC NUTRIENTS

WATER MINERALS VITAMINS

DIGESTION CARBO° →

GLUCOSE

DIGESTION LIPIDS →

FATTY ACID + GLYCEROL

DIGESTION PROT° →

AA

KCAL/G CARBO°

4

EXCESS OF CARBO° →

STORED IN LIVER AND MUSCLES AS GLYCOGEN

CARBO° W/ FAST ABSORPTION ?

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

2 MAIN TYPES OF SIMPLE CARBO° ?

MONOSACCHARIDES / DISSACHARIDES

3 SOURCES DE SIMPLE CARBO° ?

FRUITS / VEGETABLES / SUGAR

CARBO° W/ SLOW ABSORPTION ?

COMPLEX CARBO°

MAIN TYPE OF COMPLEX CARBO° ?

POLYSCACCHARIDES

2 TYPES DE COMPLEX CARBO° ABSORBABLES ET NON ABSORBABLES ?

→ ABSORBABLES : STARCH + GLYCOGEN

→ NON ABSORBABLES : CELLULOSE / FIBER

3 MAIN TYPES OF MONOSACCHARIDES

GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE

3 MAIN TYPES OF DISACCHARIDES

MALTOSE LACTOSE SUCROSE

3 TYPES OF COMPLEX CARBO°

STARCH / FIBERS / GLYCOGEN

ENZYME CARBO° MOUTH

SALIVARY AMYLASE

ENZYME CARBO° SMALL INTESTINE

PANCREATIC AMYLASE

LACTOSE + NO LACTASE + GAS →

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

WHO DAILY RECOMMENDATION SUGAR

<10% OF TOTAL DAILY CALORIES

<5% IF POSSIBLE

KCAL/G LIPIDS

9

1ST STEP LIPIDS DIGESTION →

BILE SALTS BREAK DOWN LIPIDS INTO TRIGLYCERIDES

AFTER TRIGLYCERIDES BREAKDOWN ?

FORMATION OF CHYLOMICRONS

SATURATED FATS ENTRAINENT HAUSSE DE ?

LDL

3 MAIN SOURCE SATURATED FATS ?

MILKS EGGS COCONUT

UNSATURATED FATS ENTRAINENT UNE HAUSSE DE ?

HDL

3 MAIN SOURCE INSATURATED FATS ?

OLIVE OIL / NUTS / ALMOND

1 EXEMPLE DE POLYUNSATURATED ?

FISH

CHYLOMICRONS TRANSPORTE ?

TRIGLYCÉRIDES ALIMENTAIRES

VLDL TRANSPORTE ?

CHYLOMICRONS EMBALLÉS PAR LE LIVER VERS LES MUSCLES ET LE TISSU ADIPEUX

LDL TRANSPORTE ?

CHOLESTEROL DU LIVER VERS LES CELLULES

CHOLESTEROL TOO HIGH ?

CV RISK ++

HDL TRANSPORTE ?

CHOLESTEROL MAIS DANS LOGIQUE DE RECYCLING

HDL FONCTION ?

PROTECTION VASCULAIRE

TRIGLYCERIDES HEALTHY PERSON

<150 mg/dL

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL HEALTHY PERSON

<200

LDL HEALTHY PERSON

<100

HDL HEALTHY MEN AND WOMEN

MEN : 40-80

WOMEN : 50-80

LDL HIGH →

ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK ++

HDL HIGH + LDL LOW →

CV RISK ↓

COMPLETE PROTEINS →

CONTAIN ALL AMINO ACIDS

4 MAIN SOURCES DE COMPLETE PROTEIN

MILK / EGGS / MEAT / FISH

INCOMPLETE PROTEIN ? 2 MAIN SOURCE ?

NOT ALL AMINO ACIDS CONTAINED

→ CEREALS / VEGETABLES

BALANCED DIET % CARBO° ? QUEL TYPE ?

55-60% → MAINLY COMPLEX

BALANCED DIET % LIPIDS ? MAINLY ?

25-30% → MAINLY UNSATURATED

BALANCED DIET % PROT° ?

10-15%

COMPLEX CH + PROT° + VITAMIN

CEREALS

WATER + COMPLEX CH + VITAMINS

VEGETABLES

WATER + SIMPLE CH + VITAMINS

FRUITS

BMI FORMULA

WEIGHT (KG) / HEIGHT2 (CM)

NORMAL VALUE BMI

19–25

MALNUTRITION BMI

<19

OVERWEIGHT BMI

25–30

OBESITY BMI

30–40

MORBID OBESITY BMI

>40

SEUIL HYPERGLYCEMIA FASTING / NON FASTING

FASTING → >126 fasting

NON FASTING → >200 non-fasting

>200 non-fasting HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED W/ →

TYPE 2 DIABETE

HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA

>200 mg/dL

HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA

>200 mg/dL

4 FAT SOLUBLES VITAMINES

A D E K

2 WATER SOLUBLES VITAMINS

C / B-COMPLEX

CLOTTING RELATED VITAMIN

VITAMIN K

VITAMINE C RELATED W/ ?

COLLAGEN + IRON ABSORPTION

WHEN BLOOD GLUCOSE ↑

INSULIN ↑