Lifescience 7C Midterm 1 Flashcards

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C, B, E

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B

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B

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False

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A

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False

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False

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True

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B

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B

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C

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A

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D

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D

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True

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False

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A

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C

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B

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B

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C

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A

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B

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D

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A

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A

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D

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B

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A

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C

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True

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True

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False

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C

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True

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A

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C

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C

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D

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A

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A

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A

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E

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C

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False

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False

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B

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A

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C

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False

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B

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A

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B

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A

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A

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D

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B

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A

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A

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B

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C

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B

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D

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False

Signal cascade starts with a ____ protein and the signal is amplified

Ras

Signal-receptor binding is ________

• the signal binds then dissociates

• caused by concentration of signal molecule

reversible

to terminate the signal, every protein needs to be inactivated by a _______ (usually but not always)

phosphatase

______ cells can become an entire organism

totipotent

______ cells can become any cell in the body (embryonic stem cells)

pluripotent

_____ cells can become specific tissue cells

multipotent

cytoskeletal components and cell ____ are expressed in all cells

adhesion

skin maintains its _____ because of cell adhesion and cell anchoring to the tissue

shape

______ attach to intermediate filament and keep adjacent cells together and allow food and waste to still pass through

desmosomes

____ is important for changing the shape of a cell

actin

_____ side of the cell is where secretion and absorption happens

apical

_____ side of the cell connects the cell to the extracellular matrix

basal

______ cells are the most diverse cells we have

epithelial

____ is the primary component of the ECM

collagen

____ and dynein are both motor proteins that walk on _______

kinesin, microtubulus

signals in neurons are fast, in ___ direction, and along the axon

one

potential difference = inside - _____

outside

sodium-potassium pump

• 3 ____ go out

• 2 ____ go in

• against concentration gradient so it needs ATP

sodium, potassium

resting membrane potential is about ___mV in neurons

70

all cell have a _____ potential

membrane

graded potentials occur on _____ and cell body

• depend of ____-gated ion channels

• allows for MORE variability in the signal

• travels only SHORT distances

• initiated by synapses

dendrites, ligand

action potentials:

• depend on _____-gated ion channels

• low variability in the signal

• travels long distances

• occurs at ____ _____

voltage, axon hillock

ESPS = _______

• caused by calcium or sodium

depolarization

IPSP = _______

• caused by chlorine entering or potassium leaving

hyperpolarization

potassium is higher ____ the cell

inside

temporal summation = when EPSPs are summed over _____

time

spacial summation = when EPSPs arrive at the same time but at different _____

synapses

glucagon is made when glucose is ____

gone

_____ is to TONE DOWN blood calcium

calcitonin

transport proteins in the blood are used when things are ______

hydrophobic

parathyroid hormones and calcitonin need to bind to cell _____ receptors

surface

calcitonin ______ blood Ca+2

decreases

_____ regulates anterior pituitary which releases TSH, which goes to the thyroid gland, which makes __ and __

hypothalamus, t3, t4

T3 and T4 levels regulate ______

metabolism

thyroid takes in dietary ______ and combines it with Thyroglobulin to make T3 and T4

iodide

____ is needed to stimulate thyroglobulin

TSH