CONCURRENCY (Java)

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Last updated 2:06 PM on 3/29/26
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32 Terms

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Concurrency
The ability of a system to execute multiple threads or processes at the same time
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Multithreading
A technique where a program contains two or more parts that run concurrently
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Thread
The smallest unit of execution that can be scheduled by the operating system
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Process
A group of associated threads executed in the same shared environment
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Single-threaded process
A process that contains only one thread
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Multithreaded process
A process that contains multiple threads running concurrently
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Shared environment
A setup where threads share the same memory space and can communicate directly
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Thread scheduler
A component of the OS that decides which thread runs at a given time
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Context switch
The process of saving a thread’s state and restoring it later to continue execution
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Main thread
The initial thread created by the Java Virtual Machine that runs the main() method
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start() method
A method that starts a thread and calls its run() method
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run() method
The method that contains the code executed by a thread
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Extending Thread class
A way to create a thread by inheriting from the Thread class and overriding run()
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Runnable interface
A way to create a thread by implementing the Runnable interface and defining run()
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Thread object
A Java object used to control and manage a thread
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setName()
A method used to assign a name to a thread
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getName()
A method used to retrieve the name of a thread
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setPriority()
A method used to assign a priority level to a thread
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getPriority()
A method used to retrieve a thread’s priority
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Thread priority
A numeric value that influences the order in which threads are scheduled
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MIN_PRIORITY
The lowest thread priority value which is 1
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MAX_PRIORITY
The highest thread priority value which is 10
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NORM_PRIORITY
The default thread priority value which is 5
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isAlive()
A method that checks if a thread is still running
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join()
A method that pauses the current thread until another thread finishes execution
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sleep()
A method that temporarily suspends a thread for a specified time
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Thread.currentThread()
A method that returns the currently executing thread object
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Parallel execution
Running multiple parts of a program simultaneously on different CPUs
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Thread communication
Interaction between threads sharing the same memory space
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CPU scheduling
The process of determining which thread or process gets CPU time
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Thread lifecycle
The stages a thread goes through from creation to termination
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Thread interruption
A mechanism where one thread can influence or stop another thread