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this/these - gender, consonant, and plural rules
examples: cafe, surprise, eclair, friend, cafes
ce couple-ci, ce couple-là
The couple here, the couple there
nous avons fêté
we have celebrated

Passe compose conjugations (with parler)
(ne/n’ and pas go around avoir)
Il n’a pas fêté mon anniversaire.
Elles n’ont pas acheté de biscuits hier.
Passe compose with negation:
he didn’t celebrate my birthday.
they didn’t buy any cookies yesterday.
invert subject pronoun and avoir
Avez-vous fêté votre anniversaire?
Asking questions using inversion:
Did you celebrate your birthday?
Ses parents ont téléphoné avant-hier.
Her parents called the day before yesterday.
Place adverbs between avoir OR pas and the past participle
Tu as déjà mangé ton gâteau.
Elle n’a pas encore visité notre ville.
use of [already, yet, a lot, well, badly] with past participle
You already ate your cake
She hasn’t visited our town yet.
replace ir with -i
Avez-vous senti ce bouquet?
Past participle for -ir verbs
Did you smell this bouquet?
étre becomes été
Ils ont été très en retard.
Past participle of “to be”
They were very late.
avoir becomes “eu”
Past participle of “to have”
faire becomes fait
Past participle of “to do”
courir becomes couru
Past participle of “to run”
prendre becomes pris
Past participle of “to take”
apprendre becomes “appris”
Past participle of “to learn”
boire becomes “bu”
Past participle of “to drink”
comprendre becomes “compris”
Past participle of “to understand”
pleuvoir becomes “plu”
Past participle of “to rain”
surprendre becomes “surpris”
Past participle of “surprise”
une chemise (à manches courtes/longues)
men’s shirt (short-/long-sleeved)
un chemisier
woman’s shirt/blouse