Mo's MRCS A Notes - Anatomy

Flashcards created to help review key anatomical terms and concepts covered in Mo's MRCS A Notes.

Foramina of the Base of the Skull

Opening in the skull allowing passage for nerves and blood vessels.

Cranial Venous Sinuses

Channels within the dura mater collecting blood from brain veins.

Cavernous Sinus

A sinus located at the base of the skull containing cranial nerves and blood vessels.

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscle in the neck that rotates and flexes the head.

Scalene Muscles

Three muscles located in the lateral neck involved in neck flexion and rib elevation.

Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Area of the neck divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, containing key structures like the carotid artery.

Posterior Triangle of the Neck

Area behind the sternocleidomastoid, containing the brachial plexus and cervical plexus.

Thyroid Gland

An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.

Parathyroid Glands

Glands behind the thyroid controlling calcium levels in the blood.

Circle of Willis

An anastomosis of arteries at the base of the brain, provides collateral circulation.

Cranial Nerves

Twelve paired nerves primarily responsible for innervating the head.

Trigeminal Nerve

Fifth cranial nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.

Vagus Nerve

Tenth cranial nerve that oversees autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Branch of the vagus nerve that innervates the laryngeal muscles.

Uterus

Female reproductive organ where fetal development occurs.

Diaphragm apertures

Passages in the diaphragm for structures like the aorta and inferior vena cava.

Thoracic Duct

The main lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the body into the bloodstream.

Phrenic Nerve

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm for breathing.

Brachial Plexus

Network of nerves that send signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand.

Common Carotid Artery

Artery supplying blood to the head and neck.

Spleen

Organ involved in the immune response and blood filtering.

Liver

Large organ responsible for detoxifying substances and metabolizing drugs.

Gallbladder

Storage organ for bile, aiding in digestion.

Pancreas

Gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

Lower Limb Anatomy

Anatomy pertinent to the lower extremities including bones, muscles, and vascular structure.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, ending at the anus.

Anal Sphincter

Muscle that controls the release of feces.