AP Human Geography Unit 3: Language and Language Families

Important Languages & Language Families

Basque

Basque (Isolate/Indigenous European Iberian?)

Italian

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Spanish

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Official UN Language

Galician

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Catalan

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Occitan

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Aragonese

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Portugese

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

French (Walloon)

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

Official UN Language

Romanian

Indo-European: Romance/Italic (Easternmost)

Romansh

Indo-European: Romance/Italic

German (Many Dialects High/Mid/Low & Different standardized versions)

Indo-European: Germanic

English

Indo-European: Germanic

Official UN Language

Luxembourgish

Indo-European: Germanic

Dutch (Flemish)

Indo-European: Germanic

Danish (Continental Scandinavian)

Indo-European: Germanic

Norwegian (Continental Scandinavian)

Indo-European: Germanic

Swedish (Continental Scandinavian)

Indo-European: Germanic

Icelandic

Indo-European: Germanic

Afrikaans (Partial Creole)

Partial creole of mostly Dutch, along with German and Khoisan languages

Indo-European: Germanic

Yiddish (Partial Creole)

Mixes the Hebrew alphabet with a Germanic based structure and loan words from Aramaic and Slavic languages

Indo-European: Germanic

Faroese

Indo-European: Germanic

Gaelic (Irish & Scottish)

Indo-European: Celtic

Cornish

Indo-European: Celtic

Welsh

Indo-European: Celtic

Breton

Indo-European: Celtic

Russian

Indo-European: East Slavic

Official UN Language

Rusyn

Indo-European: East Slavic

Ukrainian

Indo-European: East Slavic

Polish

Indo-European: West Slavic

Belarusian

Indo-European: East Slavic

Slovak

Indo-European: West Slavic

Bulgarian

Indo-European: East Slavic

Czech

Indo-European: West Slavic

Serbian

Indo-European: South Slavic (Serbo-Croatian)

Croatian

Indo-European: South Slavic (Serbo-Croatian)

Bosnian

Indo-European: South Slavic (Serbo-Croatian)

Slovenian

Indo-European: South Slavic

Macedonian

Indo-European: South Slavic

Montenegrin

Indo-European: South Slavic (Serbo-Croatian)

Sanskrit (Historical)

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Urdu (Hindustani)

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Hindi (Hindustani)

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Bengali (Rohingya)

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Sinhala/Sinhalese

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Nepali

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Punjabi

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Gujarati

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Marathi

Indo-European: Indo Aryan

Farsi/Persian

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Dari/Persian

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Pashto

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Tajiki

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Kurdish

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Balochi

Indo-European: Indo Iranian

Latvian

Indo-European: Balto-Slavic/Baltic

Lithuanian

Indo-European: Balto-Slavic/Baltic

Albanian (Isolate)

Indo-European: Albanoid

Greek (Isolate)

Indo-European: Hellenic

Armenian (Isolate)

Indo-European: Armenian

Anatolian Languages (Extinct)

Indo-European: Anatolian

Mandarin (Han/Hui)

Sino-Tibetan: Chinese/Sinitic

Official UN Language

Cantonese (Yue)

Sino-Tibetan: Chinese/Sinitic

Burmese

Sino-Tibetan: Tibetic

Dzongkha

Sino-Tibetan: Tibetic

Tibetan

Sino-Tibetan: Tibetic

Karenic Languages

Sino-Tibetan: Tibetic

Ancient Egyptian (Coptic)

Afro Asiatic: Hamitic

Berber Languages

Afro Asiatic: Hamitic

Cushitic Languages (Somali & Oromo)

Afro Asiatic: Hamitic

Oromo

Afro Asiatic: Hamitic

Somali

Afro Asiatic: Hamitic

Hausa

Afro Asiatic: Chadic

Maltese

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Akkadian (Historical: Babylonian & Assyrian)

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Phoenician (Historical)

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Hebrew

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Aramaic (Judea)

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Arabic

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Official UN Language

Tigre (Eritrea & Sudan)

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Amharic

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Tigrinya (Tigray)

Afro Asiatic: Semitic

Telugu

Dravidian

Tamil

Dravidian

Bahasa Indonesian (Sumatra/Borneo/Java)

Austronesian: Malay

Bahasa Malaysian

Austronesian: Malay

Javanese

Austronesian

Sundanese

Austronesian

Tahitian

Austronesian: Polynesian

Samoan

Austronesian: Polynesian

Tongan

Austronesian: Polynesian

Hawaiian

Austronesian: Polynesian

Maori

Austronesian: Polynesian

Cook Islands Maori

Austronesian: Polynesian

Tagalog

Austronesian: Polynesian

Chabacano (Creole w/ Spanish)

Austronesian: Polynesian

Malagasy (Diffused from Sumatra/Borneo/Bali & Salavesi aka Sunda Islands)

Austronesian: Polynesian

Melanesian Languages

Austronesian: Melanesian

Micronesian Languages

Austronesian: Micronesian

Checen (Northeast Caucasian)

Nakh-Daghestanian/Caspian (Caucasian)