Micro Lab Material - midterm review

How many exits are in the classroom?

4

BSL 1 example

us

Safety for BSL1

non

BSL 2 examples

Research labs

BSL 2 practices

limited access, biohazard, sharps, safety manual

safety for BSL 2

lab coat and gloves

facilities for BSL2

autoclave

BSL 3 practices

controlled access, decontamination of clothing

BSL 3 safety

protective clothing, clothing changes and shower rooms

BSL 3 facilities

double door access

BSL 3 example

SEBLAB

BSL 4 practices

seperate building

safety for BSL4

suit

facilities for BSL 4

seperate building and decontamination

examples of BSL 4

CDC facility in Atlanta

Types of bacterial cultures

Normal and Transient (normal always present, transient period of time)

Who discoverd Handwashing

Semmelweis

Who noticed the need for solid media

Robert Koch

What is agar from

extract from marine red algae

Chemically Defined

molecular formula, all elements known and measurable

Complex media

varies batch to batch, dif proteins

Complex media 3 factors that make it complex

Peptone, extract, tryptone

Enrichment media

many nutrients

Selective media

looking for something specifically, selects for a specific bacteria, inhibits other growth

Differential media

answers yes or no, cannot inhibit, see which respond and which don’t

Autoclaving (steam sterilization)

121 degrees Celsius, 15 psi, 15 minutes

Why are broths good?

Oxygen response

Two types of endospores (honey botulism)

Bacillus and Clostridum

Can you microwave to get rid of endospores?

No, endospores rid themselves of water and microwaves aggitate water

Microaerophiles

low levels of Oxygen (5%)

Obligate aerobes

full atmospheric oxygen needed

Obligate anaerobe

O2 is toxic

aerotolerant anaerobes

Do not use O2, but they don’t mind its presence

facultative anaerobe

most go to the oxygen, grow best with O2 but can switch

angelina hess

red algae for agar, high melting point

Brightfield microscope

stained specimen

Darkfield microscopes

unstained speciment, motility

Phase contrast

high contrast images of transparent specimens

electron microscopes

scanning/transmission: electrons fast to create iamges

Confocal

increase resolution and contrast

total magnification

ocular magnification times objective magnification

Why oil

oil has low refraction index so keeps light rays from refracting

pour plate

bacterial culture with agar

spread plate

bacterial culture with solid media

streak plate

diluting culture with each quadrant

Serial dilutions

determine number of bacteria in a sample

dilution factor

amount transferred/amount transferred +amount in tube

CFU

number of colonies/ (df)(amtplated)

Simple staining

single stain to color a bacterial cell