Physics: Forces, Motion, Friction, and Acceleration

Comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering forces, Newton's laws, friction, gravity, speed, velocity, displacement, and acceleration diagrams.

Friction is a __________ force exerted by two surfaces on each other that acts opposite to the direction of motion.

contact

The type of friction that occurs when an object rolls across a surface, such as a skateboard on a sidewalk, is called __________ friction.

rolling

In the provided diagram showing types of friction, the friction occurring as the stroller moves across the ground is classified as __________ friction.

rolling

__________ friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide across each other, causing objects to slow down and stop.

Sliding

The type of friction that occurs when a solid object moves through air or water is known as __________ friction.

fluid

The type of friction that prevents an object at rest from moving is called __________ friction.

static

Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects toward each other as a result of their __________.

masses

The Universal Law of Gravitation was proposed by __________.

Sir Isaac Newton

If air resistance is neglected, gravitational force causing an object to accelerate toward Earth can be calculated using the formula __________.

$$F_G = mg$$

For a falling object with a mass of $30\,\text{kg}$ and acceleration due to gravity $g = 9.81\,\text{m/s}^2$, the net gravitational force acting on it is __________.

$$294\,\text{N}$$

While mass is measured in kilograms ($\text{kg}$) and stays constant everywhere, weight is the force of gravity on an object and is measured in __________.

newtons ($\text{N}$)

A force is defined in physics as any push or pull that causes an object to __________.

change shape or put it at rest

One Newton ($1\,\text{N}$) is equal to $1\,\text{kg} \times$ __________.

$$1\,\text{m/s}^2$$

The measuring instrument shown in the image used to measure force is called a __________.

spring scale

The support force that acts perpendicular to the surface an object contacts is called the __________ force.

normal

A diagram showing the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting on a particular object at a given time is called a __________.

free body diagram

Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object in motion remains in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by an __________ force.

external

The tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion is defined as __________.

inertia

The physical property that serves as a measure of an object's inertia is its __________.

mass

According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, force equals mass times acceleration, written as the formula __________.

$$F = ma$$

The force required to accelerate a $1400\,\text{kg}$ car at a rate of $2\,\text{m/s}^2$ is __________.

$$2800\,\text{N}$$

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an __________ force on the first.

equal and opposite

The perspective from which movement is described, requiring an origin and a specified positive or negative direction, is the __________.

frame of reference

Physical quantities that possess magnitude only, such as distance, speed, and mass, are called __________ quantities.

scalar

Physical quantities that possess both magnitude and direction, such as velocity, force, and displacement, are called __________ quantities.

vector

While distance is the total length of path traveled, displacement is defined as the change in __________ from start to finish.

position

In one-dimensional motion, displacement is calculated using the formula $\Delta x =$ __________.

$$x_f - x_i$$

Speed describes how quickly distance is covered and is represented mathematically by the formula __________.

$$s = \frac{d}{t}$$

If a runner travels a distance of $100\,\text{m}$ in $20\,\text{s}$, their average speed is __________.

$$5\,\text{m/s}$$

On a distance-time graph, the slope of the line represents the object's __________.

speed

Velocity describes how fast an object moves along with its __________ of motion.

direction

If a skateboarder moves $60\,\text{m}$ east in $12\,\text{s}$, their velocity is __________.

$5\,\text{m/s}$ east

When an object moves with constant velocity, its acceleration is __________.

zero

Acceleration is defined as the rate at which velocity changes, calculated using the formula $a =$ __________.

$$\frac{v_f - v_i}{t_f - t_i}$$

If a car changes velocity from $10\,\text{m/s}$ to $30\,\text{m/s}$ in $5\,\text{s}$, its acceleration is __________.

$$4\,\text{m/s}^2$$

On a velocity-time graph, the slope of the line represents __________.

acceleration

On the velocity-time graph shown, the area under the curve represents the __________.

distance travelled

Forces that are equal in strength and opposite in direction result in no motion change and are called __________ forces.

balanced

When forces applied to an object in opposite directions are not equal in size, they are __________ forces and cause motion to change.

unbalanced

The combination of all the forces acting on an object is called the __________ force.

net