Learn: Drugs,Alc, and Tobacco Exam 3 Study Guide

What is the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the U.S.?

Tobacco use

About how many U.S. deaths per year are caused by tobacco use?

480,000

How did the Mayans view tobacco smoke?

"Divine incense"

Who called tobacco an "infallible cure"?

Nicholas Monardes

What did Pope Urban VII threaten tobacco users with?

Excommunication

When did cigars become popular in the U.S.?

Early 1800s

Why did the cigarette-rolling machine increase cigarette use?

It made cigarettes cheaper

What is the primary tobacco species?

Nicotiana tabacum

What happened in 1964 involving smoking?

Surgeon General linked smoking to lung cancer

What happened to cigarettes in 1970?

Warning labels were added

What did the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act do?

Gave FDA authority over tobacco products

What is nicotine?

A colorless alkaloid

What neurotransmitter does nicotine stimulate the release of?

Dopamine

What is vaping?

Inhaling vapor from an e-cigarette

What is smokeless tobacco strongly associated with?

Leukoplakia

How many cancer-causing agents are in chewing tobacco/snuff?

28

What is secondhand smoke?

Smoke from the burning product + exhaled smoke

What is passive smoking?

Nonsmokers inhaling tobacco smoke

What are hallucinogens?

Drugs that alter sensory processing and perception

What is synesthesia?

Mixing/crossing of sensory experiences

What are flashbacks?

Recurrence of hallucinogenic experiences

What 1978 law is associated with the Native American Church?

American Indian Religious Freedom Act

Who founded the League of Spiritual Discovery?

Timothy Leary

What does LSD stand for?

Lysergic acid diethylamide

What is pure LSD like?

Colorless, odorless, tasteless

What are common street names for LSD?

Acid, blotter acid, microdot, windowpanes

What neurotransmitter system does LSD mainly affect?

Serotonin

Does LSD cause physical dependence?

No

How soon do LSD effects begin?

30-90 minutes

How long can LSD effects last?

Up to 12 hours

How quickly does LSD tolerance develop?

Very quickly

What is mescaline found in?

Peyote cactus

What is the main source of psilocybin?

Psilocybe mexicana mushroom

What is DMT?

A short-acting hallucinogen

What is MDMA also called?

Ecstasy

What is an entactogen?

A drug with psychedelic + stimulant effects

What was PCP originally developed as?

An anesthetic

What replaced PCP as a safer analog?

Ketamine

What is dextromethorphan normally used as?

A cough suppressant

Why are stimulants called "uppers"?

They increase alertness, excitation, and euphoria

When was amphetamine first synthesized?

1887

Who first synthesized amphetamine?

L. Edeleano

Who described amphetamine's effects in 1927?

Gordon Alles

What became available OTC in 1932?

Benzedrine inhalers

Why were amphetamines used in WWII?

To fight fatigue

What are 3 approved uses of amphetamines?

Narcolepsy, ADHD, weight reduction

What does "ice" refer to?

Smoked methamphetamine

What is behavioral stereotypy?

Meaningless repetition of one activity

What are the 3 stages of cocaine withdrawal?

Crash, withdrawal, extinction