Abnormal CSUSB

Psychological Dysfunction

This term refers to abnormal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

Impairment in Functioning

A client cannot keep a job or maintain relationships because of symptoms. This criterion is present.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disorder that occur during a specified period.

Acute Onset

A disorder that begins suddenly has this type of onset

Etiology

This term asks what contributes to the development of psychopathology

Hippocrates

This ancient physician viewed abnormal behavior as a physical disease and proposed bodily humors.

Supernatural Tradition

This tradition explained deviant behavior through possession, witchcraft, or sorcery

Moral Therapy

Pinel and Pussin helped advance this humane approach that treated patients as normally as possible

Ego

In Freud's model, this rational structure mediates between the id and superego

Systematic Desensitization

This treatment developed by Joseph Wolpe used gradual exposure paired with relaxation.

One-Dimensional Model

A model that explains behavior through a single cause or school of thought

diathesis-stress model

In this model, greater underlying vulnerability means less stress may be needed to trigger a disorder

reciprocal gene-environment model

Genes may influence the environments people select or create, which then shape behavior. Name the model.

modeling or observational learning

A child watches a peer calmly approach a dog and becomes less fearful. This learning process is at work.

Equifinality

Different developmental pathways can lead to the same psychological outcome. Name the principle

Reliability

A measure produces similar results across time and across different raters. It has this quality.

ABCs

In behavioral assessment, these three letters stand for antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.

Projective Tests

Rorschach and Thematic Apperception tests belong to this category of psychological testing

False Positive (FP)

A test incorrectly indicates brain damage when no damage exists. Name this error.

prototypical approach

This classification approach combines strict categories with degrees of resemblance to a typical case

independent variable

The variable a researcher manipulates to examine its influence on behavior

internal validity

This type of validity asks whether study results are due to the independent variable rather than confounds

Correlational Research

Two variables are related, but neither is manipulated. Name the research method

double-blind procedure

Participants and assessors do not know who receives the active treatment. Name this safeguard

multiple baseline design

Treatment begins at different times across settings or behaviors to test whether change follows treatment.

Correlation does not establish causation

A researcher finds that childhood stress predicts adult depression. Explain why this result alone cannot establish that stress caused depression, and name one design feature that would strengthen the causal claim.