Section 3 Text Structures: Part 1 (Honors English 10)

Call to Action

Urges readers or characters to take a specific action in response to a problem or situation

Citation/Evidence

Introduces data, research, statistics, or expert testimony to support a claim

Concession/Acknowledgement

Acknowledges the validity, reasonableness, or merit of an opposing viewpoint before continuing the argument.

Refutation

Challenges, disproves, or undermines an opposing viewpoint or argument.

Counterclaim/Opposition

Introduces or summarizes an opposing viewpoint before responding to it

Critique/Evaluation/Judgment

Evaluates the quality of effectiveness of an idea or policy

Problem-Solution

Identifies a problem and proposes a solution

Qualification/Limitation

Refines or limits a claim to make it more precise

Shift/Turn

Signals a change in tone, perspective, or argument.

Argument/Proposition-Support

Presents and defends a claim with supporting evidence and reasoning

Chronology/Narration

Events or ideas unfold over time in sequential order

Classification/Categorization

Ideas, objects, or concepts are organized into groups based on shared characteristics or relationships.

Comparison/Contrast

Shows similarities and difference between ideas or concepts.

Definition

Explains the meaning or characteristics of a concept

Description

Provides detailed sensory or visual information

Enumeration/Listing

Presents several items or points that support a central idea

Exemplification/Illustration

Uses specific examples to clarify or support a general claim

Sequence/Process

Explains the steps in a process or procedure

Amplification

Expands or intensifies an idea through elaboration or repetition

Analogy

Explains an unfamiliar concept by comparing it to somethng similar

Cause-Effect

Explains why something happened and what resulted.

Explanation/Commentary

Interprets evidence or clarifies its significance

Generalization

Moves from specific examples to a broader conclusion

Historical Context/Background

Provides background events that shape the current issue

Prediction

Anticipates future outcomes based on current trends