Unit 05: Intelligence & Testing Flashcards

Flashcards for Intelligence and Testing Unit

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. It encompasses various cognitive abilities and skills.

g (factor g)

The idea of one general intelligence that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured through IQ tests. It represents cognitive capability across diverse tasks. Developed using factor analysis technique.

IQ Formula

Used to calculate an individual's intelligence quotient, typically represented as (mental age/chronological age) \times 100.

Standardization

The process of establishing uniform procedures for administering and scoring tests, ensuring consistency and comparability of results across different populations, using a norming group.

Reliability

The degree to which a test consistently measures what it aims to measure, producing stable and repeatable results over time.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure, ensuring that it accurately assesses the intended construct or criterion.

Construct Validity

The extent to which a test adequately measures the theoretical construct or trait it is designed to assess, supporting the interpretation of the test scores.

Predictive Validity

The degree to which a test accurately forecasts future performance or behavior in a relevant context, indicating the effectiveness of the measurement.

Test-Retest Reliability

The consistency of test scores when the same test is administered to the same individuals on different occasions, indicating the stability of the measurement over time.

Split-Half Reliability

The consistency of test results obtained from different halves of the same test, indicating the stability of the measurement across variations.

Stereotype Threat

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group, which can adversely affect performance.

Stereotype Lift

The phenomenon where individuals perform better on a task when positive stereotypes about their social group are made salient, leading to improved outcomes.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in intelligence test scores over time across generations, attributed to various environmental factors such as improved education and nutrition.

Achievement Test

A test designed to measure an individual's knowledge or proficiency in specific subjects or skills learned in an educational setting; usually given after learning has occurred.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to measure an individual's potential to succeed in a particular skill or field of study, often assessing abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, and critical thinking; usually given before learning has taken place.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable, leading to the avoidance of challenges and the fear of failure.

Growth Mindset

the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work, fostering a love for learning and resilience.

Normal Curve

A graphical representation of the distribution of scores in a population, often resembling a bell shape, where most occurrences take place near the mean and fewer at the extremes.

GRIT

A personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion for long-term goals, emphasizing sustained effort and resilience over time.

Multiple Intelligence Theory

A theory proposed by Howard Gardner suggesting that individuals possess different kinds of intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, and interpersonal, among others.

Savant Syndrome

A condition in which a person with a significant mental disability demonstrates profound and prodigious capacities or abilities in a specific area, such as music, art, or mathematics.

Analytical Intelligence

A type of intelligence characterized by the ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems using logic and reasoning, often measured by traditional IQ tests.

Creative Intelligence

A type of intelligence that involves the ability to create, invent, and imagine new ideas or solutions, emphasizing divergent thinking and originality.

Practical Intelligence

A type of intelligence that involves the ability to apply knowledge and skills to everyday situations, often related to common sense and problem-solving in real-world contexts.

Stanford-Binet

A standardized intelligence test that measures human intelligence and is used for assessing cognitive abilities across a range of ages.

Positive Skew

A statistical distribution where the tail on the right side is longer or fatter than the left side, indicating that the majority of the data points are concentrated on the left.

Negative Skew

A statistical distribution where the tail on the left side is longer or fatter than the right side, indicating that the majority of the data points are concentrated on the right.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

A type of intelligence characterized by the ability to use one's body to express feelings, create products, or solve problems, often seen in athletes and dancers.

Interpersonal Intelligence

The ability to understand and interact effectively with others, recognizing their feelings, motivations, and desires. This intelligence is essential for social interaction and teamwork.

Intrapersonal Intelligence

The capacity to understand oneself, including one's emotions, motivations, and inner states. Intrapersonal intelligence allows individuals to reflect on their own thoughts and feelings, facilitating self-awareness and personal growth.

Visual-Spatial Intelligence

The ability to visualize and manipulate objects in space, recognizing patterns and spatial relationships. This intelligence is often found in artists, architects, and engineers.

Emotional Intelligence

The capacity to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions as well as the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in communication, empathy, and interpersonal relationships.

Crystallized Intelligence

The ability to use learned knowledge and experience to solve problems and make decisions. Crystallized intelligence typically improves with age and is influenced by education and culture.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to solve new problems, think logically, and identify patterns without relying on previously learned knowledge. It reflects cognitive skills that are independent of acquired knowledge. Typically peaks around 30 and slowly declines over time.