Phyla in Bacteria and Superphyla in Archea

Proteobacteria description

Largest group of gram-negative bacteria

Purple Sulfur Bacteria description

Bacterial photosynthesis using H2S as an electron donor

Helicobacter description

Helical bacteria inhabiting digestive organs of mammals and birds

Enteric bacteria description

Rod-shaped, facultative anaerobes in animal intestinal tracts

Vibrios description

Comma-shaped, facultative anaerobes common in aquatic environments

Cyanobacteria description

Photosynthetic; some fix nitrogen; free-living or symbiotic with plants, fungi (in lichens), or protists

Spirochaetes description

Spiral-shaped; some pathogens of animals

Chlamydiae description

grow only in host cells; cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Firmicutes description

Gram-positive bacteria with a low proportion of G and C in their DNA; anaerobic or aerobic; rods or cooci

Actinobacteria description

Filamentous gram-positive bacteria with a high proportion of G and C in their DNA; soil dwelling, produce antibiotics

Purple sulfur bacteria examples

Chromatium vinosum

Helicobacter examples

Helicobacter pylori (causes stomach ulcers)

Enteric bacteria examples

E. coli, Salmonella species (cause gi disease)

Vibrios examples

Vibrio cholerae (causes cholera)

Cyanobacteria examples

Nostoc, Anabaena

Spirochaetes examples

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Treponema pallidum (causes syphilis)

Chlamydiae examples

Chlamydia (causes sexually transmitted infection)

Firmicutes examples

Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax), Clostridium tetani (causes tetanus), Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

Actinobacteria examples

Streptomyces

Proteobacteria examples

Purple sulfur, helicobacter, enteric bacteria, vibrios

Euryarchaeota

Methanogens that live in stagnant waters and intestines of animals; photosynthetic halophiles

TACK

acidic hot springs, hydrothermal vents, soil and water microbes

DPANN

symbionts living on the cell surfaces of other microbes

Asgard

archaea most closely related to Eukarya

Cell wall composed mostly of peptidoglycan

Bacteria

Cell wall composed mostly of protein

Archaea

Membrane composed of fatty acids

Bacteria

Membrane composed of nonfatty acid lipids

Archaea

Some use chlorophyll in photosynthesis

Bacteria

Do not use chlorophyll

Archaea

Cannot generate methane

Bacteria

Some generate methane

Archaea

Sensitive to strpetomycin

Bacteria

Insensitive to Streptomycin

Archaea

Genes do not contain introns

Bacteria

Genes may contain introns

Archaea

Produce exotoxins (diffuse out of the cell)

Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridum botulinum

Produce endotoxins (part of the cell membrane of gram negative cells)

E. coli, Salmonella

Which produce endospores?

Some gram positive bacteria:

Clostriduim botulnium, Bacillus anthracis