DVO Exam II Study Guide: SANE Exam, Rape Typologies, and Offender Dynamics

Flashcards covering key definitions, SANE protocol, sexual assault myths, offender typologies, trauma responses, and case studies for the DVO Exam II.

Why is it critical to distinguish between compliance and consent regarding sexual assault?

Because not fully fighting back does not mean consent was given; coercion and giving in to an act do not constitute consent.

At what point can consent be revoked?

At any point.

What are the four common behavioral responses of a victim to rape?

Fight, flight, freeze, and fawn.

How might a victim's behavioral response of freezing or fawning affect law enforcement's reaction to a rape report?

If a victim did not fight back or attempt to run, law enforcement may not believe them or take them as seriously.

Why is it best for law enforcement to wait three days before fully interviewing rape victims?

Memory is not fully solidified until three full sleeps have occurred.

What percentage of memory is solidified after $24\text{ hours}$, $48\text{ hours}$, and $72\text{--}100\text{ hours}$ following a rape?

After $24\text{ hours}$ it is $30\%$, after $48\text{ hours}$ it is $50\%$, and after $72\text{--}100\text{ hours}$ it is $75\text{--}95\%$.

What is tonic immobility?

A state in which the victim freezes in traumatic situations.

What is the primary function of a SANE exam?

Victim support; evidence gathering is secondary.

What is the recommended timeframe for a SANE exam to be conducted following a sexual assault in Oklahoma?

$5\text{ days}$ or $120\text{ hours}$, though it can still be performed outside of this timeframe.

Are victims required to cooperate with law enforcement or pay fees to receive a SANE exam?

No; victims are not required to cooperate with law enforcement, and they do not have to pay for their rape exams.

Must conscious adult victims consent before a SANE exam is conducted?

Yes; consent must be obtained from all conscious victims before an exam can be performed.

What are examples of activities a sexual assault survivor should avoid prior to a SANE exam, and why?

Avoid changing clothes, eating, drinking, smoking, bathing/showering, urinating, or defecating, because the survivor's body is the crime scene and must be disturbed as little as possible to preserve maximum evidence.

What is the most common drug used in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA)?

Alcohol.

What percentage of female rape survivors experience PTSD or Rape Trauma Syndrome?

$94\%$ of female rape survivors experience PTSD or Rape Trauma Syndrome, which is higher than the rate experienced by veterans.

How do offenders typically target and abuse victims in sextortion cases?

Offenders target victims primarily through chatrooms and social media, threatening to publish their explicit photos across the internet unless a set amount of money is paid within a specified timeframe.

What demographic trends characterize sextortion offenders and victim growth from $2022$ to $2023$?

Almost all sextortion offenders are male, and cases involving male victims doubled between $2022$ and $2023$.

What does the Take it Down Act require regarding nonconsensual intimate imagery?

It requires websites to remove nonconsensual photos and videos within $48\text{ hours}$ of receiving a valid request.

What is the definition and Latin root of the word 'rape'?

Rape is defined as physical assault that is perpetrated sexually, originating from the Latin word 'rapere,' meaning 'to steal.'

How was rape categorized and punished under ancient laws?

Rape was categorized as a property crime prosecuted to discourage property destruction. If unmarried, the offender was forced to marry the victim or be thrown bound into the river; if married, both the victim and the offender were bound and thrown into the river.

What is the estimated cost of each sexual assault to the victim?

$\$151{,}423$.

Why is rape considered the only crime in which the victim's conduct is scrutinized more than the perpetrator's?

Jurors judge how the victim acted, reacted, and behaviorally responded both during the commission of the crime and in court.

What are four pervasive rape myths?

1. Rape is caused by an uncontrollable sex drive. 2. Women can resist rape if they want to. 3. Rapes are committed by strangers. 4. Many women falsely cry rape.

According to the May 2019 BJS recidivism study, which offenders had the lowest recidivism rates?

Murderers had the lowest recidivism rates, followed by rapists.

In what years did the United Nations recognize rape as a war crime and declare it a 'weapon of war'?

The UN recognized rape as a war crime in $1998$ and formally declared it a 'weapon of war' in $2008$.

How many countries worldwide have enacted legislation criminalizing marital rape?

$52$ countries.

What are unique reporting concerns and beliefs affecting male rape victims?

Societal beliefs that male rape only occurs in prison, the false fear that rape will 'turn them gay,' fear of the SANE exam, fear of disbelief, fear of homophobic slurs, fear of law enforcement abuse if gay or trans, and heightened embarrassment about disclosing the rape.

According to Cleary's study, what was the most important factor in sex offenders' victim selection, and does saying 'no' deter them?

The most important factor was opportunity, and a victim saying 'no' does not typically deter sex offenders.

What is the difference between an offender's signature and their modus operandi (MO)?

A signature is what an offender needs to do to emotionally enjoy or fulfill the crime, whereas a modus operandi (MO) is what an offender needs to do to successfully carry out and complete the crime.

What are the primary characteristics of a Power Reassurance (Compensatory) rapist?

Driven by fantasy to reassure his masculinity; uses minimal force and surprise approaches; strikes between $12\text{ am}$ and $5\text{ am}$; selects victims close in age; takes souvenirs; expresses remorse; often a nocturnal loner whose attacks escalate over time.

What are the primary characteristics of a Power Assertive (Exploitative) rapist?

Uses violence and moderate force to assert manhood; views the victim as an object; uses a con approach; attacks in the early evening; rips or tears clothing; meets victims in bars; displays macho behavior; carries out sporadic attacks.

What are the primary characteristics of an Anger Retaliatory (Anger Displaced) rapist?

Acts impulsively out of hatred toward women; uses spontaneous, brutal force such as beating the victim's face; blitz attack style; drinks prior to the offense; fantasy plays no role; common in intimate partner sexual assaults.

What are the primary characteristics of an Anger Excitation (Sadistic) rapist?

Seeks total domination, control, and infliction of physical/psychological pain; premeditated con approach; holds victims for hours or days; uses instruments, bondage, and torture; records offenses; often intelligent, college-educated, in their $30\text{s}$, and psychopathic.

How do attack types map onto the Hazelwood and Prentky & Knight rapist typologies?

Blitz attack matches the Anger rapist; Confidence attack matches the Power-Assertive rapist; Surprise attack matches the Power-Reassurance rapist.

Which rapist typology described 'Frank,' the fraternity member interviewed by Dr. Lisak?

Exploitative (Power Assertive).

How did sadistic rapist Tommy Hobbs select his victims?

He used his job at a convenience store to read IDs and memorize women's addresses, and he loitered in shopping malls looking for small, solitary women who appeared shy.

Where is sex offender treatment conducted in Oklahoma, and who pays for it?

Treatment is delivered in the community, and the offender must pay for it.

Which types of sex offenders are considered the most difficult to treat?

Sadistic rapists (who are now viewed as untreatable) and adult males who are exclusively attracted sexually to young boys.

What is the primary danger when sex offenders fail treatment programs?

They use treatment failure as an excuse or justification to commit new sex crimes.

In the Bobbi Parker and Randolph Dial case, what obstacles hindered the investigation, and how was it solved?

Investigators and the public believed Parker left voluntarily with Dial; the case was ultimately resolved with help from the television program 'America's Most Wanted.'

What were the administrative details of Randolph Dial's art program, and how long was Bobbi Parker missing?

The art program was initiated by the Warden and Dial in the garage of the Parker household over Deputy Warden Parker's objections; Bobbi Parker was missing for $10\text{--}11\text{ years}$.

What legal and personal outcomes occurred for Bobbi Parker after she was recovered?

She was sentenced to $1\text{ year}$ in prison; her husband welcomed her home, reconciled with her, and they remained together.