NF&P Exam I

Nursing Foundations and Principles Exam I Study Cards

What is the core idea of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring?

Human caring is central to nursing and promotes healing through transpersonal nurse–client relationships.

What are Watson’s Caritas Processes?

Ten guiding principles that support holistic, compassionate, and intentional caring practices.

What is emic knowledge?

Knowledge gained from within a cultural group, reflecting insider perspectives.

What is etic knowledge?

Knowledge from outside a cultural group, based on objective, external observations.

Historically, what has the Healthy People initiative focused on?

Reducing and eliminating health disparities related to race and ethnicity.

What are the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030?

Eliminating health disparities, achieving health equity, and attaining health literacy for all.

Who is Madeleine Leininger?

A nursing theorist who developed the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality.

What is the purpose of Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality?

To guide nurses in providing culturally congruent care.

What is the Sunrise Enabler?

A visual model with five categories showing factors that influence culturally congruent care.

How does I‑SBAR‑R help nurses?

It structures communication by organizing client information clearly and safely.

What does SOAP stand for in documentation?

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.

Why do nurses use SMART goals?

To create realistic, measurable, and achievable plans for patient care or daily workflow.

What is the IDEAL framework used for?

Improving discharge planning and supporting patient and family involvement.

What does HIPAA require nurses to do?

Protect client privacy by maintaining confidentiality of health information.

What do ANA standards require regarding documentation?

Nurses must document care accurately and completely.

What are the five categories of the Sunrise Enabler?

Technological factors, Religious & philosophical factors, Kinship & social factors, Cultural values & lifeways, and Political & legal factors.

What does SMART stand for in nursing goal‑setting?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time‑bound.

What does IDEAL stand for in discharge planning?

Include the patient & family, Discuss key information, Educate the patient, Assess understanding, Listen to and honor patient/family goals and preferences.

How does the Sunrise Enabler help nurses provide culturally congruent care?

It visually organizes cultural factors that influence care, helping nurses tailor interventions to the patient’s cultural context.

What is culturally congruent care?

Care that fits the patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways.

What does I‑SBAR‑R stand for?

Introduce, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Read‑back.

What are the four components of a SOAP note?

Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment, Plan.

What is the primary purpose of HIPAA in nursing practice?

To protect patient privacy and ensure confidentiality of health information.

Why are ANA documentation standards important?

They ensure nursing documentation is accurate, complete, and legally sound.

What disparities has the Healthy People initiative historically focused on?

Race‑ and ethnicity‑related health disparities.

How does Healthy People 2030 address health equity?

By aiming to eliminate disparities, achieve equity, and improve health literacy for all populations.