Waves electromagnetic spectrum (Physics)

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Last updated 4:52 PM on 10/4/26

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7 EM waves in order

Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → Ultraviolet → X-ray → Gamma

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3 key facts about EM waves

All transverse

All travel at 3 × 10⁸ m/s in a vacuum

Transfer energy from source to absorber

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Key dangers

UV → skin cancer / eye damage

X-ray & Gamma → ionising radiation → damages cells / cancer

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How to measure wave speed in water (RP)

Measure wavelength with ruler

Count waves passing in 10s → find frequency

Calculate: v = f × λ

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How to measure wave speed on a string (RP)

Adjust frequency until clear waves seen

Measure wavelength

Read frequency from machine

Calculate: v = f × λ

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