shelter med final

intake protocols

scan for microchip, intake exam, deworm/preventatives, testing, and vaccination

microchip scan

always scan before accepting animal, use universal scanner, scan slow in waving pattern, document number

intake exam

by trained staff based on five freedoms, abnormal vs normal findings, and critical vs non-critical abnormal findings

physical exam

must be done by a vet

preventative medications

broad and empirical, deworm for roundworms and hookworms with antihelmintics, heartworm prevention regardless of test, and flea/tick prevention

testing

always test for heartworms, test for FIV/FELV with target testing, always check for ringworm (usually woods lamp)

target testing

based on animals likely to have it from hoarding cases, sickly animals, recent bite wounds, or if doing group housing

canine core vaccine

DAPPV

feline core vaccine

FVRCP

vaccination frequency

start at 4-6 weeks old until 20 weeks old

why shelters are high risk for pathogens

high pathogen load, variable personnel, crowding, stress, fomites, vulnerable population

what are we trying to do with sanitation?

break the triangle by decreasing chance of encountering pathogen

cleaning

manual process of removing dirt and organic matter

disinfecting

physical or chemical methods to kill or destroy pathogens still present after cleaning

sanitizing

cleaning and disinfecting

sterilizing

removing all microorganisms from inanimate surfaces

sanitation protocol

mechanical removal of debris → cleaning with detergent → disinfection with chemical

ideal disinfectant

broad antimicrobial action, effective with organic material, can be used in variety of environments, compatible with other chemicals, non toxic and non irritating, inexpensive

halogens

sodium hypochlorite/bleach, sodium dichloro-isocyanurate (Bru-Clean), calcium hypochlorite (wysiwash)

sodium hypochlorite/bleach

inexpensive, effective against non-enveloped viruses and ringworm, BUT inactivated by organic matter, corrosive to metal, and irritant/caustic

sodium dichloro-isocyanurate/Bru-clean and calcium hypochlorite/wysiwash

effective against non-enveloped virsues, inexpensive, and less corrosive/caustic than bleach BUT no detergent activity, inactivated by organic material

quaternary ammoniums/Roccal/Parvo-sol/Kennel-sol

non-corrosive BUT non effective against non-enveloped viruses or ringworm

peroxygens

potassium peroxymonosulfate and accelerated hydrogen peroxide

potassium peroxymonosulfate/trifectant/virkon

effective against non-enveloped viruses, but only stable for 7 days once in solution and need PPE

accelerated hydrogen peroxide/rescue/accel

effective against non-enveloped viruses and ringworm, effective with organic material, BUT relatively expensive

outbreak

increase in total number or frequency of cases than would be expected at a given time or location, significant increase in severity or duration

break enviroment-pathogen side of triangle

decrease chance of encountering pathogen with design and protocols, staff training, and sanitation

break pathogen-host side of triangle

increase animal’s ability to fight off disease with vaccination, ID and treat, and nutrition

break host-enviroment side of triangle

boost immunity through comfort witih primary enclosures, maintain capacity, and plan animal/people flow of traffic

prevention in disease outbreak

to alleviate suffering and stop transmission of disease, with daily rounds, protocols/management and record keeping, and documentation

diagnosis of disease

verification of pathogen is necessary, want testing with fast results, and test all necessary animals

isolation of disease

separate all clinically ill animals from those are healthy or exposed and not clinical

quarantine

separation of animals known to be exposed but not exhibiting clinical signs

environmental decontamination with disease

cleaning and disinfecting

introduction of new population with disease

limited vs open, vaccination and prophylactic care to new intake, do not cross lines between isolation and quarantine