Pearson: Chapter 1 Terms - AP

anatomy

the study of the body’s structure

physiology

the study of the body’s function

the 7 levels of organization

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

anatomy of integumentary system

skin, hair, and nails

physiology of the integumentary system

protection and thermal regulation

anatomy of the skeletal system

bones and cartilage

physiology of the skeletal system

structure and body

anatomy of the muscular system

muscles

physiology of the muscular system

movement

anatomy of the nervous system

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

physiology of the nervous system

rapid communication and working with the body using electrical signals

anatomy of the endocrine system

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, and ovaries/testes

physiology of the endocrine system

whole body coordination using chemical messengers (hormones)

anatomy of the circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood

physiology of the circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

transport materials throughout the body

anatomy of the lymphatic and immune system

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen

physiology of the lymphatic and immune system

transport water and provide immunity

anatomy of the respiratory system

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs

physiology of the respiratory system

exchange gasses like O2 and Co2

anatomy of the digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas and gall bladder

physiology of the digestive system

obtain water and nutrients from food

anatomy of the urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

physiology of the urinary system

remove waste and excess water from the blood

anatomy of the female reproductive system

mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

physiology of the female reproductive system

produce eggs, receive sperm, support, fetal development

anatomy of the male reproductive system

testes, ductus, deferens, prostate gland, and penis

physiology of the male reproductive system

produce and deliver sperm

urinary system

digestive system

respiratory system

lymphatic and immune system

circulatory or cardiovascular system

endocrine system

nervous system

muscular system

skeletal system

integumentary system

female reproductive system

male reproductive system

axial portion

head and trunk

appendicular portion

limbs

superior

towards the head

inferior

towards the feet

anterior

towards the front

posterior

towards the back

ventral

towards the belly

dorsal

towards the back (spine)

medial

towards the midline

lateral

away from the midline

intermediate

between medial and lateral

ipsilateral

on the same side

contralateral

on the opposite side

proximal

closer to the attachment

distal

farther from the attachment

superficial

closer to surface of the body

dorsal

further inside the body

frontal

front of your head

orbital

eye

mental

chin

cephalic

head

occipital

back of the head

cervical

neck

otic

ear

nasal

nose

buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

axillary

armpit

mammary

breast

umbilical

navel

inguinal

groin

pubic

genitals

thoracic

chest

sternal

sternum

abdominal

abdomen

pelvic

pelvis

scapular

shoulder blade

vertebral

spine

lumbar

lower back

gluteal

glutes, buttocks

metacarpal

bones of the hand

perineal

between the anus and genitals

olecranal

back of the elbow

sacral

bottom of the spine

acromial

shoulder

axillary

armpit

antecubital

inside of the elbow

carpal

wrist

manus

hand

digital

fingers

brachial

upper arm

antebrachial

forearm

pollex

thumb

coxal

hip

femoral

thigh

patellar

kneecap

crural

lower leg

pedal

foot

popliteal

back of the knee

sural

back of the calf

plantar

bottom of the foot