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Last updated 2:26 PM on 10/11/26
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32 Terms

1
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Political Issue / Isyung Pampolitika

EN: Matters concerning government operations, political power, public leadership, elections, human rights, corruption, and citizen engagement.

PH: Mga usaping may kinalaman sa pamahalaan, kapangyarihan, pamumuno, halalan, karapatang pantao, korapsyon, at pakikilahok ng mamamayan.

2
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1987 Philippine Constitution / 1987 Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas

EN: The supreme law of the land that outlines citizens' rights, the structure of government, and democratic governance principles.

PH: Ang pinakamataas na batas ng bansa na nagtatakda ng mga karapatan ng mamamayan, balangkas ng pamahalaan, at mga demokratikong prinsipyo.

3
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Rule of Law

EN: The democratic principle that no individual is above the law and all persons, including government leaders, are accountable to it.

PH: Ang prinsipyo na walang sinuman ang nakatataas sa batas at ang lahat, pati ang mga pinuno, ay dapat sumunod dito.

4
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Constitutional Location of the Bill of Rights / Lokasyon ng Bill of Rights

EN: Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, protecting fundamental freedoms and civil rights.

PH: Artikulo III ng 1987 Konstitusyon, na naggagarantiya sa mga pangunahing karapatan at kalayaan ng mamamayan.

5
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Republic Act No. 3019 (RA 3019)

EN: Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act; criminalizes corrupt acts, illicit enrichment, and unlawful practices among public officials.

PH: Batas Laban sa Katiwalian at Mapanlinlang na Gawain; nagpaparusa sa korapsyon at katiwalian ng mga kawani ng gobyerno.

6
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Republic Act No. 6713 (RA 6713)

EN: Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, anchored on the doctrine that 'Public office is a public trust.'

PH: Kodigo ng Pag-uugali at Pamantayang Etikal ng mga Opisyal ng Pamahalaan, na nagtataguyod na 'Ang pampublikong tungkulin ay tiwala ng bayan.'

7
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RA 6713 Core Ethical Values / Anim na Pagpapahalaga sa Ilalim ng RA 6713

EN: 1) Professionalism, 2) Honesty, 3) Justness and sincerity, 4) Political neutrality, 5) Responsiveness to the public, 6) Commitment to public interest.

PH: 1) Propesyonalismo, 2) Katapatan, 3) Katarungan at katapatan ng layon, 4) Kawalang-kiling sa pulitika, 5) Pagiging tumutugon sa publiko, 6) Pagkatuon sa kapakanan ng publiko.

8
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Republic Act No. 9184 (RA 9184)

EN: Government Procurement Reform Act; establishes transparency, public monitoring, and competitive bidding in public procurement to prevent overpricing and favoritism.

PH: Batas sa Reporma sa Pagbili ng Pamahalaan; ginagawang bukas, patas, at may pananagutan ang pagbili ng pamahalaan upang maiwasan ang korapsyon.

9
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Republic Act No. 9485 (RA 9485)

EN: Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007; removes bureaucratic bottlenecks and redundant processes to accelerate government frontline transactions.

PH: Batas Laban sa Mabigat na Proseso ng 2007; nag-aalis ng di-kinakailangang hakbang sa mga transaksyon ng pamahalaan para sa mabilis na serbisyo.

10
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Political Dynasty

EN: The concentration, monopolization, and succession of elective political power within members of a single family or clan.

PH: Konsentrasyon o patuloy na paghawak ng kapangyarihang pampolitika sa loob ng iisang pamilya o angkan.

11
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Article II, Section 26 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

EN: Declares that the State must guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as defined by law.

PH: Nag-aatas na titiyakin ng Estado ang pantay na pagkakataon sa serbisyo publiko at ipagbabawal ang mga dinastiyang politikal alinsunod sa batas.

12
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Three Branches of Government & Their Core Functions / Tatlong Sangay ng Pamahalaan

EN: 1) Executive (enforces laws), 2) Legislative (enacts laws), 3) Judiciary (interprets laws and adjudicates legal controversies).

PH: 1) Ehekutibo (nagpapatupad ng batas), 2) Lehislatura (gumagawa ng batas), 3) Hudikatura (nagpapakahulugan sa batas at nagpapasya sa alitan).

13
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Commission on Elections (COMELEC) / Komisyon sa Halalan

EN: Independent constitutional body tasked with administering, managing, and enforcing all election laws and plebiscites.

PH: Konstitusyonal na komisyong namamahala at nagpapatupad ng lahat ng batas kaugnay ng eleksyon at plebisito.

14
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Commission on Audit (COA) / Komisyon sa Pagsusuri

EN: Constitutional body authorized to examine, audit, and settle all government revenues, expenditures, and public property accounts.

PH: Malasarinling komisyong sumusuri at nag-oaudit sa paggamit ng kaban at ari-arian ng pamahalaan.

15
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Civil Service Commission (CSC) / Komisyon sa Serbisyong Sibil

EN: Central personnel agency governing civil servants, merit systems, and standards of public administration.

PH: Ahensyang nangangasiwa sa mga kawani ng pamahalaan at nagpapanatili ng pamantayan at disiplina sa serbisyo sibil.

16
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Primary Responsibilities of Citizens in Governance / Tungkulin ng Mamamayan

EN: Voting conscientiously, evaluating candidates, rejecting vote-buying, verifying news, reporting corruption, and asserting governmental transparency.

PH: Matalinong pagboto, pagsusuri sa kandidato, pagtanggi sa pamimili ng boto, pagsusuri ng impormasyon, pagsuplong sa katiwalian, at paghingi ng pananagutan.

17
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Major Obstacles in Implementing Philippine Laws / Mga Hamon sa Pagpapatupad ng Batas

EN: Systemic corruption, political patronage, disinformation campaigns, vote buying, dynastic hegemony, weak institutional enforcement, and court backlogs.

PH: Korapsyon, sistemang padrino, disimpormasyon, bilihan ng boto, mga dinastiya, mahinang pagpapatupad, at mabagal na sistemang hudisyal.

18
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Scenario: An elected official demands monetary kickbacks from a contractor for an infrastructure project.

EN: Offense: Graft, corruption, and procurement violation under RA 3019 and RA 9184; violation of public trust. Citizen Response: Gather documentation, file complaints before the Ombudsman, and assert open procurement records.

PH: Paglabag: Korapsyon at katiwalian sa ilalim ng RA 3019 at RA 9184; paglabag sa tiwala ng bayan. Tugon ng Mamamayan: Kumuha ng patunay, maghain ng reklamo sa Ombudsman, at igiit ang transparency.

19
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Republic Act No. 3019 (RA 3019)

EN: Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act; criminalizes corrupt acts, illicit enrichment, and unlawful practices among public officials.

PH: Batas Laban sa Katiwalian at Mapanlinlang na Gawain; nagpaparusa sa korapsyon at katiwalian ng mga kawani ng gobyerno.

20
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Republic Act No. 6713 (RA 6713)

EN: Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, anchored on the doctrine that 'Public office is a public trust.'

PH: Kodigo ng Pag-uugali at Pamantayang Etikal ng mga Opisyal ng Pamahalaan, na nagtataguyod na 'Ang pampublikong tungkulin ay tiwala ng bayan.'

21
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RA 6713 Core Ethical Values / Anim na Pagpapahalaga sa Ilalim ng RA 6713

EN: 1) Professionalism, 2) Honesty, 3) Justness and sincerity, 4) Political neutrality, 5) Responsiveness to the public, 6) Commitment to public interest.

PH: 1) Propesyonalismo, 2) Katapatan, 3) Katarungan at katapatan ng layon, 4) Kawalang-kiling sa pulitika, 5) Pagiging tumutugon sa publiko, 6) Pagkatuon sa kapakanan ng publiko.

22
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Republic Act No. 9184 (RA 9184)

EN: Government Procurement Reform Act; establishes transparency, public monitoring, and competitive bidding in public procurement to prevent overpricing and favoritism.

PH: Batas sa Reporma sa Pagbili ng Pamahalaan; ginagawang bukas, patas, at may pananagutan ang pagbili ng pamahalaan upang maiwasan ang korapsyon.

23
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Republic Act No. 9485 (RA 9485)

EN: Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007; removes bureaucratic bottlenecks and redundant processes to accelerate government frontline transactions.

PH: Batas Laban sa Mabigat na Proseso ng 2007; nag-aalis ng di-kinakailangang hakbang sa mga transaksyon ng pamahalaan para sa mabilis na serbisyo.

24
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Political Dynasty

EN: The concentration, monopolization, and succession of elective political power within members of a single family or clan.

PH: Konsentrasyon o patuloy na paghawak ng kapangyarihang pampolitika sa loob ng iisang pamilya o angkan.

25
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Article II, Section 26 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

EN: Declares that the State must guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as defined by law.

PH: Nag-aatas na titiyakin ng Estado ang pantay na pagkakataon sa serbisyo publiko at ipagbabawal ang mga dinastiyang politikal alinsunod sa batas.

26
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Three Branches of Government & Their Core Functions / Tatlong Sangay ng Pamahalaan

EN: 1) Executive (enforces laws), 2) Legislative (enacts laws), 3) Judiciary (interprets laws and adjudicates legal controversies).

PH: 1) Ehekutibo (nagpapatupad ng batas), 2) Lehislatura (gumagawa ng batas), 3) Hudikatura (nagpapakahulugan sa batas at nagpapasya sa alitan).

27
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Commission on Elections (COMELEC) / Komisyon sa Halalan

EN: Independent constitutional body tasked with administering, managing, and enforcing all election laws and plebiscites.

PH: Konstitusyonal na komisyong namamahala at nagpapatupad ng lahat ng batas kaugnay ng eleksyon at plebisito.

28
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Commission on Audit (COA) / Komisyon sa Pagsusuri

EN: Constitutional body authorized to examine, audit, and settle all government revenues, expenditures, and public property accounts.

PH: Malasarinling komisyong sumusuri at nag-oaudit sa paggamit ng kaban at ari-arian ng pamahalaan.

29
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Civil Service Commission (CSC) / Komisyon sa Serbisyong Sibil

EN: Central personnel agency governing civil servants, merit systems, and standards of public administration.

PH: Ahensyang nangangasiwa sa mga kawani ng pamahalaan at nagpapanatili ng pamantayan at disiplina sa serbisyo sibil.

30
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Primary Responsibilities of Citizens in Governance / Tungkulin ng Mamamayan

EN: Voting conscientiously, evaluating candidates, rejecting vote-buying, verifying news, reporting corruption, and asserting governmental transparency.

PH: Matalinong pagboto, pagsusuri sa kandidato, pagtanggi sa pamimili ng boto, pagsusuri ng impormasyon, pagsuplong sa katiwalian, at paghingi ng pananagutan.

31
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Major Obstacles in Implementing Philippine Laws / Mga Hamon sa Pagpapatupad ng Batas

EN: Systemic corruption, political patronage, disinformation campaigns, vote buying, dynastic hegemony, weak institutional enforcement, and court backlogs.

PH: Korapsyon, sistemang padrino, disimpormasyon, bilihan ng boto, mga dinastiya, mahinang pagpapatupad, at mabagal na sistemang hudisyal.

32
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Scenario: An elected official demands monetary kickbacks from a contractor for an infrastructure project.

EN: Offense: Graft, corruption, and procurement violation under RA 3019 and RA 9184; violation of public trust. Citizen Response: Gather documentation, file complaints before the Ombudsman, and assert open procurement records.

PH: Paglabag: Korapsyon at katiwalian sa ilalim ng RA 3019 at RA 9184; paglabag sa tiwala ng bayan. Tugon ng Mamamayan: Kumuha ng patunay, maghain ng reklamo sa Ombudsman, at igiit ang transparency.