SLHS 3560 final quiz questions

a. Association fibers

These white matter fibers stay within the same hemisphere.

a. Association fibers

b. Projection fibers

c. Limbic fibers

d. Commissural fibers

d. Broca's area

Which of the following areas is represented by the region above?

a. Wernicke's area

b. Precentral gyrus

c. Auditory cortex

d. Broca's area

e. Postcentral gyrus

b. They establish a connection between the neuron and another neuron or the cells of a muscle or gland

What is the function of boutons?

a. They insulate the axon

b. They establish a connection between the neuron and another neuron or the cells of a muscle or gland

c. They transmit a neural impulse more quickly along the axon.

d. They conduct a neural impulse toward the neuron.

b. corpus callosum.

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the

a. encephalon

b. corpus callosum.

c. basal ganglion

d. gray matter.

c. Commissural fibers

These white matter fibers connect the left and right hemispheres.

a. Limbic fibers

b. Association fibers

c. Commissural fibers

d. Projection fibers

b. Sagittal

What anatomical plane is the brain above shown in?

a. Axial

b. Sagittal

c. Coronal

d. Transverse

d. Left

Which hemisphere of the brain contains the major neurologic mechanisms for speech and language?

a. Right

b. Neither; speech and language centers are found primarily in the brainstem.

c. Speech and language centers are equally divided between the two hemispheres. d. Left

c. Schwann cells

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglial cell in the CNS?

a. Ependyma

b. Astrocytes

c. Schwann cells

d. Microglia

d. ventral

Structures lying at the base of the brain may be anatomically described as being

a. dorsal.

b. rostral

c. cephalic

d. ventral

b. motor

The precentral gyrus makes up the primary

a. None of these

b. motor

c. sensory

d. visual

c. dendrites

The processes specialized to receive the impulses moving toward the cell are the

a. axons

b. nuclei

c. dendrites

d. Golgi apparatus.

a. myelinated axons

The presence of ______ is what gives white matter its white appearance and name.

a. myelinated axons

b. synaptic junctions

c. specialized ependymal cells

d. unmyelinated axons

a. gyri or d. sulci

The enfolding of the cortex of the brain during development forms the

a. gyri

b. cerebral spinal fluid

c. lobes

d. sulci

c. Projection fibers

These white matter fibers connect parts of the brain to the spinal cord.

a. Limbic fibers

b. Commissural fibers

c. Projection fibers

d. Association fibers

h. Dendrites

Gray matter within the brain is made up of?

a. Myelin sheath

b. Postcentral gyrus

c. Blood

d. Wernicke's area

e. Precentral gyrus

f. Cerebrospinal fluid

g. Broca's area

h. Dendrites

b. neurons.

Nerve cells are called

a. neuroglial cells.

b. neurons.

c. dendrites.

d. axons.

false

The motor cortex is housed in the postcentral gyrus.

True

False

a. Axon

Which part of the neuron is critical to communication within the nervous system?

a. Axon

b. Cytoskeleton

c. Perikaryon

d. Soma

d. the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

The four lobes of each hemisphere of the brain are

a. the occipital, temporal, nasal, and parietal lobes.

b. the parietal, sulcus, gyrus, and frontal lobes.

c. the frontal, dorsal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

d. the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

d. Oligodendrocytes

Which type of neuroglial cell forms and maintains myelin?

a. Astrocytes

b. Ependyma

c. Microglia

d. Oligodendrocytes

a. an neurologic speech disorder.

A dysarthria is

a. an neurologic speech disorder.

b. a group of fibers connecting areas or centers of the brain.

c. a disorder of executing motor acts as a result of a brain lesion.

d. a disorder of cortical sensory recognition.

b. the brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system consists of

a. the brain only.

b. the brain and spinal cord

c. the spinal cord and cranial nerves.

d. the brain and cranial nerves.

b. myelin sheath

White matter within the brain is made up of?

a. blood

b. myelin sheath

c. dendrites

d. postcentral cortex

e. cerebrospinal fluid

f. precentral cortex

g. Broca's area

h. Wernicke's area

e. Wernicke's area

Which of the following areas is represented by the region above?

a. Visual cortex

b. Broca's area

c. Postcentral gyrus

d. Precentral gyrus

e. Wernicke's area

d. brocas area

Which of the following areas is represented by the region above?

a. precentral gyrus

b. auditory cortex

c. postcentral gyrus

d. brocas area

a. superior

b. posterior

c. dorsal

d. rostral

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. rostral

f. ventral

g. dorsal

e.

f.

g.

1. spinal cord

2. spinal nerves

The CNS includes the brain and the [answer1] while the PNS includes the cranial nerves and [answer2].

c. Thyroid gland

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the diencephalon?

a. Pituitary gland

b. Thalamus.

c. Thyroid gland

d. Hypothalamus

b. Hypothalamus

Which of the following exerts neural control over the pituitary gland?

a. Thalamus

b. Hypothalamus

c. Subthalamus

d. Subthalamus Epithalamus

b. Dysarthria

Damage to the cerebellum may cause what type of speech problem?

a. None

b. Dysarthria

c. Aphasia

c. left

which hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in the most persons, meaning that it is the language functions are controlled?

a. right

b. neither

c. left

a. astrocytes

which neuroglial cells may actively participate in promoting brain plasticity through action at the synapse?

a. astrocytes

b. ependyma

c. microglia

d. oligodendrocytes

c. limbic system

the area that brocas considered to be the 5th lobe of the brain & that contains the most primitive portions of the brain is the:

a. hippocampus

b. pons

c. limbic system

d. corpus callosum

c. nucleus

which organelle contains the DNA of a cell?

a. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

b. lysomones

c. nucleus

d. bilipid membrane

a. dura mater

b. arachnoid mater

c. pia mater

d. subdural space

e. subarachnoid space

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

c. Periosteal and Meningeal

What are the two layers that make up the dura mater?

a. Periosteal and Arachnoid

b. Arachnoid and Pia

c. Periosteal and Meningeal

d. None of these

b. Leptomeninges

The arachnoid and pia mater are collectively referred to as the ___

a. Falx cerebri

b. Leptomeninges

c. Falx cerebelli

d. Periosteal

d. CS diffuses into the bloodstream in the choroid plexus

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid?

a. CSF removes waste products from the central nervous system.

b. CS provides a cushion to protect the brain against trauma.

c. CS is produced in the ventricles.

d. CS diffuses into the bloodstream in the choroid plexus

e. CS provides nutrients to neural tissue.

c. Plays a direct role in repair of neuronal injury

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves each of the following functions EXCEPT:

a. Buffer between brain and skull

b. Plays a role in regulation of extracellular fluid

c. Plays a direct role in repair of neuronal injury

d. Plays a role in moving neuroactive hormones throughout the nervous system

d. Arachnoid trabeculae

What are the structures that connect the arachnoid and pia mater?

a. All are correct

b. Arachnoid villus

c. Arachnoid granulation

d. Arachnoid trabeculae

c. choroid plexus

The ______ produces cerebrospinal fluid

a. pia mate

b. ependyma

c. choroid plexus

d. arachnoid granulation

e. subarachnoid space

d. pia mater

The meningeal layer that is nearest the brain is the

a. arachnoid mater

b. periosteal dura mater

c. meningeal dura mater

d. pia mater

a. dura mater

The falx cerebri is created by folds in the

a. dura mater

b. arachnoid mater

c. tentorium cerebelli

d. subarachnoid space

e. arachnoid granulations

Hydrocephalus

A disorder caused by the dissociation between production and absorption rate of the CSF is:

b. Ependymal cells

Which type of neuroglial cells line the ventricles?

a. Oligodendrocytes

b. Ependymal cells

c. Microglia cells

d. Schwann cells

a. lateral ventricle

b. third ventricle

c. fourth ventricle

a.

b.

c.

a. allows collateral circulation if blood flow is reduced in one area.

The circle of Willis:

a. allows collateral circulation if blood flow is reduced in one area.

b. is formed by the anastomosis of the internal carotid arteries with the basilar arteries.

c. restricts blood flow to one hemisphere if there is an occlusion.

d. allows a mixing of vertebral and internal carotid arterial blood because of a pressure differential.

False

The posterior cerebral arteries branch from the vertebral arteries.

True

False

d. PCA

These arteries supply the occipital lobe of the brain.

a. PICA

b. AICA

c. MCA

d. PCA

b. face

The external carotid artery supplies the..

a. All of these are correct

b. face

c. ears

d. shoulders, neck, head

a. Left MCA

Aphasia will typically result from a pathology in which artery?

a. Left MCA

b. Right ACA

c. Left ACA

d. Right MCA

b. Pontine arteries

These arteries supply the pons.

a. Lenticulostriate arteries

b. Pontine arteries

c. None of these

d. Circle of Willis

d. Lenticulostriate

This artery supplies the basal ganglia:

a. Pontine

b. Vertebral

c. Anterior Cerebral

d. Lenticulostriate

c. anterior cerebral

The hypothalamus _______ artery supplies the medial surface of the cortex, including

a. basilar

b. middle cerebral

c. anterior cerebral

d. superior cerebellar

e. Vertebral

a. anterior communicating

---c. basilar

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries are branches of the ____ arteries

a. anterior communicating

b. vertebral

c. basilar

d. internal carotid

e. middle cerebral

b. Basilar artery

--c. Middle cerebral artery

Which of the following arteries is NOT part of the circle of Willis?

a. Posterior cerebral artery

b. Basilar artery

c. Middle cerebral artery

d. Anterior communicating artery

e. Anterior cerebral artery

1. arteries

2. capillary beds

3. venules

4. veins

Oxygenated blood flows through the (1)______ into the arterioles, which lead to the (2) ______. This is where oxygen exchange takes place. Deoxygenated blood then travels to the (3) ____ and into the (4) _____

a. Rhombencephalon

Which of these vesicles undergoes further division?

a. Rhombencephalon

b. None of these vesicles further divides

c. All of these vesicles further divides

d. Mesencephalon

b. muscles and bone.

Somites develop into:

a. the neural crest.

b. muscles and bone.

c. the spinal cord.

d. the jaw.

e. the neural tube.

d. diencephalon

The thalamus.develops from the:

a. neopallium

b. telencephalon

c. rhombencephalon

d. diencephalon

d. rooting

Side-to-side head turning is a characteristic of the reflex:

a. swallowing

b. suckling

c. tongue

d. rooting

a. metencephalon

The pons and cerebellum develop from the:

a. metencephalon

b. myelencephalon

c. prosencephalon

d. mesencephalon

c. 9 to 38 weeks

The fetal period of embryonic development is between which weeks of development?

a. 6 to 39 weeks

b. 8 to 40 weeks

c. 9 to 38 weeks

d. 1 to 16 weeks

a. basal plate

The structure associated with efferent functions of the spinal cord is the:

a. basal plate

b. alar plate.

c. sulcus limitans.

d. conus medullaris.

d. Moro

This reflex is present in almost all newborns.

a. None of these

b. Galant

c. Tonic labryinthine

d. Moro

b. ectoderm

In the embryo, the ______ will develop into the central nervous system.

a. endoderm

b. ectoderm

c. notochord

d. Mesoderm

d. are useful in early diagnosis of cerebral palsy

Persistent primitive reflexes:

a. influence oral and pharyngeal reflexes.

b. are more useful than conventional neurologic signs of muscle tone to detect cerebral injury.

c. can be used to diagnose cerebral injury in children older than 18 months.

d. are useful in early diagnosis of cerebral palsy

c. Moro

This reflex is present in almost all'newborns:

a. None of these

b. Tonic labryinthine

c. Moro

d. Galant

a. when persistent, is associated with cerebral palsy

The Moro reflex:

a. when persistent, is associated with cerebral palsy

b. peaks at approximately 4 months of age.

c. when persistent, is the most significant sign of cerebral injury.

d. tends to reinforce pharyngeal reflexes in children with cerebral palsy.

a. 3 and 16 weeks

The developing brain is most vulnerable to teratogens between

a. 3 and 16 weeks

b. 1 and 3 weeks

c. 4 and 5 months

d. 16 and 24 weeks

c. neuronal migration

Somal translocation and glial-guided locomotion are the two primary types of..

a. reelin expression.

b. vesicle derivation.

c. neuronal migration

d. functional transition.

c. conus medullaris.

The caudal end of the spinal cord is the

a. sulcus limitans.

b. basal plate.

c. conus medullaris.

d. alar plate.

e. cauda equinus.

a. laborious, jerky, and slow movements

A child with spastic cerebral palsy would exhibit:

a. laborious, jerky, and slow movements

b. involuntary writhing movements.

c. poor balance.

d. an incoordination of upper and lower extremities

c. somites.

In the mesoderm, longitudinal columns develop that then divide into paired cubelike formations called:

a. branchial arches.

b. nodes.

c. somites.

d. dermatomes.

b. neuroprogenitor cells

Cells called _____ areas of the brain.

a. neurosynthesis cells

b. neuroprogenitor cells

c. ancillary cells

d. blastocytes

e. stem cells

a. may delay the development of speech and language

Childhood apraxia of speech:

a. may delay the development of speech and language

b. presents with symptoms resembling dysarthria.

c. is associated with specific brain lesions.

d. is a clear-cut syndrome with well-defined patterns of treatment..

b. neural crest.

The dorsal root ganglia develop directly from the:

a. notochord.

b. neural crest.

c. somites.

d. neural tube.

e. central alexia.

b. Dopamine

A patient with Parkinson s disease has a deficiency in which neurotransmitter?

a. GABA

b. Dopamine

c. L-Dopa

d. Glutamate

d. depolarize the cell.

An adequate stimulus to a neuron may act to:

a. close ion channels.

b. make the electrical charge inside the cell more negative than that outside of the cell.

c. prohibit movement of ions across the cell membrane.

d. depolarize the cell.

a. terminal bouton

The point of contact from one axon to another neuron is the:

a. terminal bouton

b. axoplasm

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. cytoplasm

c. The Axon Hillock

Which of the following is NGT a component of the synapse?

a. The presynaptic terminal

b. The synaptic cleft

c. The axon hillock

d. The postsynaptic terminal

a. Sodium

_______ is/are found in high concentration outside the cell

a. Sodium

b. Protein anions

c. Potassium

d. Calcium

b. may be voltage- or chemically gated

Channels in the cell membrane:

a. are selective to more than one ion per channel

b. may be voltage- or chemically gated

c. do not serve a function

d. are always gated

c. GABA

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter is:

a. dopamine

b. epinephrine

c. GABA

d. glutamate

a. their shape

Neurons are classified according to:

a. their shape

b. the number of dendrites in each

c. the number of ribosomes they contain

d. the length of their axons

c. action

A(n) ______ potential is propagated from the axon hillock to the terminal bouton

a. resting

b. graded

c. action

d. depolarized

d. the difference in potential across the cell membrane is 55 mV.

Depolarization occurs when:

a. there is a discharge of sodium ions into the extracellular space.

b. the neuron has reached its resting potential.

c. the difference in potential across the cell membrane is 70 mV.

d. the difference in potential across the cell membrane is 55 mV.

b. the ionic difference across the membrane is at a steady state.

During resting potential:

a. the cell is actively responding to impulses from other cells.

b. the ionic difference across the membrane is at a steady state.

c. the extracellular fluid is 70 mV more negative than the cell's cytoplasm

d. the cell is firing an impulse.

d. chemical

A neural impulse is transmitted across the synaptic cleft primarily through ____ means

a. electrical

b. thermal

c. metabolic

d. chemical

a. neural information is signaled by the amplitude of the action potential

All of the following are characteristic of an action potential EXCEPT:

a. neural information is signaled by the amplitude of the action potential

b. it begins at the axon hillock.

c. it functions in an all-or-nothing manner.

d. it is propagated at a constant velocity.

b. Myasthenia gravis

______ results from an inability to transmit acetylcholine across the synapse to muscle fibers.

a. Muscular dystrophy

b. Myasthenia gravis

c. Seizure

d. Parkinson s disease

b. vary greatly in diameter.

Axons of neurons

a. vary greatly in number.

b. vary greatly in diameter.

c. are relatively uniform in regard to conduction velocity.

d. conduct nerve impulses toward the neuron s cell body.

c. Sodium-potassium pumps

_________ allow some ions to move against their gradient to provide extra energy to the cell.

a. Chemical gradients C. Sodium-potassium pumps Correct D. b. Metabolic activities

c. Sodium-potassium pumps

d. Voltage gradients

a. protein ions in the intracellular fluid can permeate the neural cell membrane.

Regarding the concentration gradient, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

a. protein ions in the intracellular fluid can permeate the neural cell membrane.

b. fluids across a membrane move from a higher to lower concentration.

c. sodium ions do not diffuse across the cell membrane.

d. interstitial fluid contains, a higher concentration of water than intracellular fluid.

false

A neuron with an axon of small diameter will conduct neural impulses faster than a neuron with an axon of a large diameter.

True

false

a. dendrite

b. soma/cellbody

c. axon

d. myelin sheath

a.

b.

c.

d.

e. snyapse

f. axon hillock

g. terminal bouton

e.

f.

g.

d. The lemniscus

Which of the following structures would contain a second-order neuron in the somatic sensory pathway?

a. The dorsolateral fasciculus

b. A spinal ganglion

c. A spinal nerve

d. The lemniscus

d. are part of the posterior root of the spinal nerves

---b. are located in the posterior root ganglion.

The sensory fibers of the spinal nerves

a. are efferent fibers

b. are located in the posterior root ganglion.

c. are also called anterior horn cells.

d. are part of the posterior root of the spinal nerves