PHLT 307 EXAM 3 PT 2

almost all child deaths are

preventable

child health is closely linked with

poverty

define perinatal

first week of life

define neonatal

first month of life

define infant

first year of life

define under-5

children 0-4 years old

99% of deaths in children under 5 occur in

low-and middle-income countries

Half of the deaths occur in:

-India

-Nigeria

-Democratic Republic of Congo

-Pakistan

-China

46% of under-5 child deaths occur among

neonates

The geographic areas with the highest burden of neonatal deaths are

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Pneumonia is transmitted via

airborne droplets

The determinants of Women’s health are related to both

biological and cultural factors

the health of a child is determined overall by

the health of the mother

Biological determinants of health for women

-pregnancy and complications

-iron deficiency related to heavy menstruation

-STI’s (due to increased area of exposure

-ovarian cancer

Social Determinants that affect women’s health

-poverty

-low levels of education available or permitted to women (in general or just reproductive)

-low SES

Low SES in women’s health is linked to

-physical and sexual abuse

-fixing women to certain roles

-male preference can be expressed through female infanticide or sex-selective abortion (ex: keeping it only if it’s a boy)

define abortion

the premature expulsion or loss of embryo which may be induced or spontaneous

are male or female children often feed less nutritious foods

female children

For all income groups what health condition is a high risk factor for death in females

high blood pressure

what are the greatest risk factors for death in women in high income groups

-high BMI

-high fasting plasma glucose

what are the greatest risk factors for death in women in low income groups

-household air pollution

-low birthweight and short gestation

What is the main leading cause of death for women globally

heart disease

What is the leading cause of death for women in low income areas

lower respiratory infections (followed by heart disease)

What is the leading cause of death for women in high income areas

alzheimer’s

What are conditions that disproportionately affect women?

-sex-selective abortion

-female genital mutilation (FGM)
-STIs

-Maternal morbidity and mortality

-unsafe abortion

-obstetric fistula

-violence and sexual abuse

what is female genital mutilation (FGM)

cutting of female genitals

-can cause infection, shock, and infertility

What is an example of female genital mutilation (FGM)

The husband’s stitch

define maternal death

the death of a woman while pregnant, during delivery, or within 42 days of delivery

Only __% of abortions are considered safe

55

define obstetric fistula

condition in which a hole opens up between the vagina and either the bladder or rectum

cost and consequences of women’s health problems

-violence, STIs, and fistula isolate women

-When a woman dies in childbirth, her family is typically left without a primary caregiver

-Newborns are also at a greater risk of death following a mother dying during childbirth

-Substantial economic costs from women’s health issues

measles is mainly prominent in ______ and is ______

low and middle income countries; more severe

Pneumonia is the leading infections cause of death globally in

children under 5

what is the second leading infections cause of young children

diarrhea

are children children under 5 or children 6-11 months more likely to get diarrhea

6-11 months are more likely

what is the leading cause of death in children under 5 in sub-saharan africa

malaria

along with malaria, HIV/AIDS amongst children is common where

Sub-Saharan Africa

who are more vulnerable to measles complications

children under the age of 5 and vitamin A deficient or HIV infected

measles can cause what

rash

measles is more severe than

the flu

what are vectors of soil-transmittes helminths

-roundworm

-hookworm

-whipworm

soil-transmittes helminths can lead to

severe morbidity and iron deficiency anemia

has there been progress in reducing neonatal death rates

no, ther has been insufficient progress

The Cost and Consequences of Child

Morbidity and Mortality

 Cannot measure direct losses in

productivity

 High costs of caring for a sick

child

 Potential long-term disability

 Growth restriction and

restriction of mental

development can result in poor

school attendance and

performance

 High fertility to compensate for

deaths

W h e n p o p u l a t i o n h e a l t h i m p r o v e s a n d

f e r t i l i t y r a t e s d r o p , t h e a g e

d i s t r i b u t i o n b e c o m e s

m o r e f a v o r a b l e

t o e c o n o m i c g r o w t h