World History Unit 2 Test

Vocab and people

fertile crescent

Mesopotamia

sumer

one of mesopotamia’s first urban civilizations

silt

extremely fertile soil

the epic of gilgamesh

ancient sumerian poem about a great flood that destroys the world

ziggurats

pyramid shaped temples with a shrine to the city’s chief god/goddess on top

hierarchy

a system of ranking groups

codify

to write a law system down

cuneiform

wedge shaped marks in clay tablets (based on pictographs)

tolerance

the ability or willingness to accept the existence of different opinions, practices, or beliefs.

bureaucracy

a systerm of managing government through a set of departments run by officials

money economy

an economy based on coins (money) rather than trading goods

colonies

territories settled and ruled by people from another land

alphabet

letter symbols that represent sounds, which are grouped to form words

cataract

a waterfall

delta

a triangular area of marshland formed by silt deposits at the mouth of a river

dynasty

line of rulers in one family

pharaoh

Egyptian ruler (believed to be a god in human form)

vizier

chief minister

amon-re

chief god (sun god)

osiris

god of the dead, god of the nile

Isis

goddess of magic and motherhood (wife and sister of Osiris)

mummification

preserving dead bodies by embalming them and wrapping them in cloth

hieroglyphics

symbols and pictures represent objects, concepts, or sounds

papyrus

a paper like writing material made from a river plant. used with reed pens and ink for informal records

rosetta stone

flat back stone with the same message carved in hyroglyphics, demotic, and greek, which enabled the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

monotheistic

belief in one god

torah

most sacred text of the Jewish faith. AKA the Christian old testament

covenant

agreement or promise with god

patriarchal

men held the greatest legal and moral authority

sabbath

holy day for rest and worship

prophet

a messenger chosen by God to deliver His messages to the people.

ethics

moral standards of behavior

diaspora

the spreading out of the Jewish people throughout the world.

sargon I

first emperor

hammurabi

king of babylon and first ruler to codify a law system

cyrus II

known as “the great” ruled Persia and conquered the majority of the Persian empire

darius I

persian ruler he expanded Persian borders

abraham

made the first covenant with god

moses

made the second covenant with god he freed the enslaved Jews from egypt and accepted the ten commandmens

david

second king of israel he built the capital city of jerusalem

solomon

david’s son he built the temple and is known for his wisdom when he died the kingdom of Israel split

judaism is

monotheistic

what do Jews call god

god or yahweh

true or false? - Jews write out god’s full name

false

where do Jews practice their faith

temple or synagogue

what are the mosaic laws

set of rules/guidelines for daily life

what is kosher

a dietary restriction Jews may follow (they do not have to)`

what is the tanakh

the Jewish bible (essentially the Christian old testament)

what is the torah

the most sacred text of the Jewish faith

what are the Nevi’im prophates

people who are chosen by god to speak his messages

what is the ketuvim

writings

what is the talmud

additional laws and traditions recorded by rabbis

name the four Jewish holidays and what they are

rosh Hashanah - Jewish new years

yom kippur - day of atonement

hanukkah - festival of lights

Passover - feast of unleavened bread

how and where did Judaism spread

babylonian captivity - Jews migrated to different areas of the world

southwest asia

name the ten plauges

blood, frogs, lice, flies, livestock disease, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the death of the firstborn

old kingdom

when the pyramids were built

middle kingdom

reunited egypt

new kindom

prosperous period

had pharaohs

list the society pyramid from highest to lowest

pharaohs

viziers/priests

scribes

crastsmen/artists

peasants

slaves

late period

turbulent period

outside invaders conquered the area

what two rivers are in mesopotamia

tigris and euphrates

true or false - sumerians may have had the first wheeled vehicles

true

religion in Mesopotamia was

polytheistic