Rizal

Finals

The philippines a century hence (filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos)

It is an essay to forecast the future of the country in a hundred years. It came out as a series of four articles in La Solidaridad from September 30, 1889 to February 1, 1890.

September 30, 1889 to February 1, 1890.

  It came out as a series of four articles in La Solidaridad. It came out as a series of four articles in La Solidaridad

As this was Rizal's attempt at political prognostication or prediction, he tried to respond to the questions

• What would become of the Philippines within 100 years?

• Would it become independent or colony of another nation?

• Would the Philippines remain a colony of Spain?

The essay starts with an analysis of the causes of the miseries of the people

Implementation of military policies

• The country was depopulated

• Poverty was widespread
  
  

Deterioration and disappearance of Filipino indigenous culture

• The people lost confidence in the past, lost of faith in the present, and lost of hope in the future.

The passivity and submissiveness to the Spanish colonizers

• The people had resigned themselves to their fate

Can divide it impera still work to foster enmity? (Divide and rule policy)

• This would no longer be effective owing to the ease of movement in the archipelago brought about by the improved means of transportation

• With the facility to travel and opportunity to exchange ideas enhanced, can lead them to realize their common plight which can foster in them greater unity as people

Reform and Political Changes

• Reform have to be initiated by the government for them to be peaceful and effective

• Should be centered on freedom of the press, representation in Spanish Cortes, granting Spanish citizenship

• filling government position through competitive examination, reforms in commerce, agriculture, education and greater security

European Power

For Rizal, European will definitely not be interested in taking over the Philippines. They are too preoccupied with their competition in dividing Africa among themselves

It will be the Great American Republic. Its interest lies in the Pacific and which has no hand in the scramble for Africa

50 year

how many death year of rizal recognized the independence in our country

May 1, 1898

the Americans entered the Philippines and wrestled from Spain the control of the Philippines

ON THE INDOLENCE OF FILIPINOS (Sobre La Indolencia de Los Filipinos)

Longest essay written by Rizal which was published in five installments in the La Solidaridad. An analytical study made by Rizal about the society which represents his defense of the Filipinos from the charge that they were inherently lazy or indolent. The Filipinos were not born lazy but had a predisposition to become lazy.

• He tried to analyze the social and political condition at the time to prove that indolence was the cause rather the effect of backwardness in the country

• Spanish Colonization

• Filipinos

Reasons behind the deterioration of Industry

factors that fostered indolence attributable to the spaniards

• Wars and internal disorders that followed Spanish conquest

• Piratical attacks on coastal towns and villages by Muslim pirates

• Forced labor in shipbuilding

• Government's neglect and apathy to agriculture, industry and commerce

• Absence of material and moral incentives to work harder

• The teaching of the Spanish missionaries that heaven is for the poor.

• Too much government restriction and red tape in the approval of permit

• Encouragement an propagation of gambling

• Ownership of the big estates by the friars

• Example set by the Spaniards in disdaining manual labor

• Deprivation of human dignity

• Feeling of inferiority

• Placing hopes on miracles

• Lack of spirit to pursue lofty purposes

• Lack of national sentiment

• Political Novel 

• Work of head and book of thoughts 

• Dedicated to GOMBURZA 

• 38 chapters

El filibusterismo

October 1887

rizal started writing his second novel EL FILIBUSTERISMO while practicing medicine in london

Biarritz

he finished the EL FILIBUSTERISMO in the famous french riviera

• also when he had serious romance in nelly boustead in 1890

F. Meyer-Van Loo Press

• offered the lowest quotation for the printing of the El Fili and which can pay on installment basis.

Valentin Ventura

• extended financial assistance in the printing of the novel

September 1891

novel was published/ complete.  All copies of the Ghent Edition was sent to his friend in Hong Kong

Simoun

Made to represent the portion of Filipino society which, tired of the oppressor's rule wanted that rule to be overthrown at all cost, but had no systematic plan for the new society, if the old one is overthrown

Maria Clara

After 13 year of physical and spiritual abuse, dies, can be symbolize the friar-dominated culture which is now ripe for revolution

Señor Pasta

The idealist turned mercenary, could be made to represent that portion of Filipino society who have abandoned their noble social ideas and have become thoroughly self-seeking opportunist, serving only the interest of those who have hired them

Isagani

• Young student who inspired by high ideals for his country

• Could be made to symbolize the untested and unreliable idealism of a segment of the educated Filipino youths of the time

Paulita Gomez

• The hapless object of Isagani's affection

• Can be made to represent that portion of Filipino womanhood-still half breed like Maria Clara - which is relatively enlightened but which is itself almost thoroughly bereft of love of country and of desire for the social good

Basilio

Medical student who refuses to entertain any revolution though even in the face of rampant social injustices, could be made to symbolize that segment of educated Filipino society which has been so brutalized that is has become insensible to the social welfare.

Placido Penitente

• Young man who has been so illusioned by the state of affairs he find himself in as a student, entertains the desire to go abroad.

• He could be made to symbolize those elements of society, which had not yet been infused with a national sentiment or social conscience

Don Custodio

• Typical Spanish official who occupies several position despite the absence of qualification

• He portrayed as one who finds pleasure in developing a feeling of inferiority among the people

Cabesang tales

A victim of land grabbing by the friars, become desperate and joined the outlaws for personal revenge

Juli

Innocent looking and unaffected daughter of Cabesang Tales and sweetheart of Basilio

the school master

Rusticated as a rebel for having experimented teaching the Spanish language to young children against the wishes of the Spanish friars was pardoned due to the influence wielded by Simoun.

Message of the El Filibusterismo

The present system of government in the Philippines can lead to the downfall of Spain

• Intelligent, generous, hard working, courageous and loyal citizen were driven into opposition, crime and subversion

The Spanish colonial government was arbitrary, lacking in a sense of justice and responsibility, without interest in the people under its tutelage

• In this novel, he painted them as abusing their power to satisfy their evil desire

- He condemned Filipino for their greed, corruption, hypocrisy and cowardice

- The course of action the Filipino should Spain will not listen to the warnings

Jose Rizal Burial wishes that he sent to his family

"Dear parents, brothers, sisters: Give thanks to God who has kept me tranquil, before my death... Bury me in the earth, put a stone on top, and a cross. My name, the date of my birth, and that of my death. Nothing more. If later you should wish to surround my grave with a fence, you can do it. No anniversary celebrations! I prefer 'Paang Bundok."

Paang Bundok (north cemetery)

place where rizal prefer to buried

December 30 1912

when the remains of Jose rizal transferred to the Luneta

Aug. 17, 1898

Rizal's remains exhumed from Paco Cemetery

July 17 1892

Rizal arrived at Dapitan on board the steamer Cebu. The place was swampy with unplanned streets, at the time Rizal set foot in Dapitan.

• after his 2nd homecoming from Europe turned bittersweet when he was arrested and was exiled to Dapitan.

Captain Ricardo Carnicero

who offered him to live either in his house or at Jesuit Mission House

• rizal stayed at the beginning of his exile in Dapitan

Rizal, opted not to stay with the Jesuits, on account of the following conditions stated in Fr. Pastells letter to Fr. Obach, which he has to comply with

(1) to make public retraction of his religious errors,

(2) to issue public statements unmistakably pro-Spanish,

(3) to undergo the spiritual exercises of St. Ignatius,

(4) to make a general confession of his past life and

(5) to lead a model religious and pro-Spanish life.

rizal ticket won in the spanish lottery

how rizal build his own home in dapitan

PHP 1000

how much rizal won for the first time

• community leader

• teacher

• physician

rizal served in dapitan as

Community Leadership in Dapitan

He facilitated the putting up of lampposts at every corner of the town, with the help of the people. He directed the construction of a water system.

As A Teacher in Dapitan

• Rizal soon opened a school for young boys of his neighborhood.

• The subject offered to these young boys consisted of Reading, writing, arithmetic, geometry, languages, geography, history and good conduct.

• As a teacher, Rizal saw to it that his pupils were not only equipped with learning skills. Thus, training of pupils centered on both academic and vocational pursuits.

• He also taught his pupils boxing, swinging on parallel bars and rings, swimming and arnis on account of his belief that a sounded body makes a sound mind

As a Physician

• Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of medicinal plants. He studied the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their curative values. To the poor patients, who could not afford to buy imported medicine, he prescribed the local medicinal plants.

• August 1893 one of his patients in the month was his own mother. Owing to her failing eyesight, Doña Teodora traveled to Dapitan with Trining, to have eyes operated on by Rizal

• Rizal cared for the sick of Dapitan without accepting a fee. People began to come to him, and charged them according to their financial capabilities. One Englishman from wealthy family had cataracts removed from his eyes, and paid 500.00. This money Rizal used for lamps for the Dapitan streets.

August 1893

one of his patients in the month was his own mother. Owing to her failing eyesight, Doña Teodora traveled to Dapitan with Trining, to have eyes operated on by Rizal

Php 500

One Englishman from wealthy family had cataracts removed from his eyes paid rizal and the money rizal used for lamps for the dapitan streets

Ophthalmologist

Rizal become famous and spread beyond Dapitan and the Philippines

George Taufer

One of Rizal's patient was a blind American engineer, who for years had resided in Hong Kong.

• wanted to see Rizal at that time as he was suffering from an eye ailment

February, 1895

when george taufer reached Dapitan. With him came her young adopted daughter Josephine Leopoldine Bracken.

Josephine Leopoldine Bracken

 fun-loving girl extremely attractive in his melancholy and intolerably lonely state of mind

• 18 years old

Romance with Josephine Bracken

• But when the blind Taufer heard of the proposed marriage he went into a fearful rage and was prevented from cutting his own throat only when Rizal grabbed and held both his wrists.

• He and his wife had taken Josephine when her Irish mother died in childbirth, and after Mrs. Taufer died he had depended upon her help during his blind years.

• The thought of losing the only help he had drove him temporarily insane. To avoid a tragedy, Josephine went off to Manila with Taufer by the first boat.

Rizal in Dapitan has become

• The first to introduce social and environmental engineering;

• the first rural doctor;

• the first professional to engage in business;

• the first practitioner of town planning and beautification;

• the first to introduce the principles of livelihood and self-reliance programs;

• the first to show the way to community development;

• to first ophthalmic surgeon sought by patients from foreign land;

• the first to set up a precursor of the modern community school, with himself as the first community teacher;

• the first systematic collector of Philippines shells, butterflies, reptiles and other fauna and flora in Mindanao;

• the first in sanitary engineering and public health work;

• the first Filipino doctor with a social conscience, who charged fees according to patient's ability to pay.

October 25, 1892

Rizal sent Despujol a letter containing his intentions to stay in Dapitan. Unfortunately, Despujol rejected Rizal's request.

Blanco

 promised Rizal to relocate him either at Vigan or La Union, he even suggested for him to go to Spain owing to his poor health

Grand Regional Council of the Philippine Masonry

generated funds for Rizal to go to Spain. Paez was commissioned by the propagandist to find a suitable vessel in Hong-Kong or Singapore to rescue Rizal.

July 21 1896

Pio Valenzuela went to Dapitan with a blind man and talked to Rizal about the revolution. Rizal stressed that pursuing the revolution would tantamount to national suicide.

July 31 1896

Rizal boarded Espana and left Dapitan. He had sold his lands and other things he owned to his friend, mostly natives of Dapitan

August 6, 1896

he arrived in manila boarding castilla

August 30 1896

governor Blanco issued a gubernatorial decree of declaring a state of war.

August 19 1896

discovery of katipunan which resulted in mass arrests of katipuneros and non katipuneros in Manila.

September 3 1896

Rizal boarded the steamer Isla de Panay that will take him to Barcelona, Spain. The following day, Rizal was informed of the rumors that he was the cause of the disturbances in Manila

While on board the Captain of the ship received a telegram to arrest Rizal and detain him in the captain's cabin

October 3, 1896

Rizal reached Barcelona. He was heavily guarded and detained as a prisoner at the ship. October 6 as 3:00 am, he was informed that he would be taken to Fort Monjuich.

• Gen. Despujol informed Rizal that he would be shipped back to the Philippines

November 3, 1896

Jose Rizal arrival at Manila boarded Steamer Colon after being arrested in europe

•  Rizal was brought and incarcerated at fort santiago

documentary and testimonial

two kinds of evidences presented by the Olive to Rizal during the preliminary investigation of Rizal

Jose Taviel de Andrade

Rizal's bodyguard during his six-month stay in Calamba four years ago.

Luis Taviel de Andrade

Rizal's chosen defense counsel during his military trial in 1896 and brother of José Taviel de Andrade.

December 8 1896

Peña made the following recommendations to Gov. Blanco

• That the accused be kept under the custody of law

• That accused be brought to trial

• That an order of attachment be issued against his property

• That the accused be defended in court by an army officer

Judge advocate General informed Rizal to Choose His Counsel for His Arraignment on December 11.

December 11, 1896

• Rizal had been accused of complex crime of rebellion but he had been pleaded not guilty to the crime charged against him and did not eve question the jurisdiction of the military tribunal on his case

December 13, 1896

• Dominguez submitted the transcript of the arraignment proceeding to the Malacañan Palace.

• General Camilio de Polavieja relieved Governor Blanco.

• Archbishop Nozaleda and the Dominicans felt that Rizal would be absolved with the accusation against him because Gov. Blanco did not believe that Rizal was a traitor

old petroleum lamp, inside he placed his last poem

what he gave to her sister trinidad in his last 24 hours

Rizal Last Day

He spent his last 24 hours in his death cell where:

• He received members of his family

• Writes letter of farewell to Dr. Blumentritt

• He gave her sister Trinidad an old petroleum lamp, inside he placed his last poem.

The Execution of a Hero

• He woke up at 5:30 am

• Death march begin at 6:30 am

• Upon arriving at Bagumbayan, he bid goodbye to Luis Taviel de Andrade, 2 priest, and to Josephine

Paco cemetery

where Rizal secretly buried with no identification on his grave

Narcisa

toured all possible gravesites and found freshly turned earth at the cemetery

• she made a gift to the caretaker to mark the site "RPJ", Rizal's initials in reverse