chronic elbow condition

What is the primary pathology in lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Tendinopathy of the common wrist extensor origin particularly ECRB

Where is pain typically located in lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Over the lateral epicondyle and common extensor origin

What loading commonly aggravates lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Gripping and resisted wrist extension

What is the Tennis Elbow test for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Resisted isometric wrist extension with the elbow extended and forearm pronated

What is a positive Tennis Elbow test?

Reproduction of familiar lateral elbow pain

What is the middle finger extension test used for in lateral elbow tendinopathy?

To stress ECRB through resisted middle finger extension

How is pain free grip strength assessed in lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Grip a dynamometer until first onset of pain and compare sides

What three domains contribute to lateral elbow tendinopathy in the integrated model?

Tendon pathology plus motor control impairments plus sensory impairments

What is the purpose of a lateral glide MWM in lateral elbow tendinopathy?

To improve pain free grip and function through symptom modification

What is the lateral glide MWM dosage discussed for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Six to ten repetitions for three sets if grip becomes immediately pain free

What is an appropriate early loading exercise for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Isometric wrist extension within symptom tolerance

How is strengthening progressed for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Progress from isometrics to concentric and eccentric wrist extensor loading then functional tasks

What is the concern with corticosteroid injections for lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Short term improvement may be followed by higher recurrence and worse longer term outcomes

Which nerve is implicated in radial tunnel syndrome?

Deep branch of the radial nerve near the supinator

Where is pain usually located in radial tunnel syndrome?

Deep proximal lateral forearm distal to the lateral epicondyle

What activities can aggravate radial tunnel syndrome?

Gripping and twisting forearm activities

How can radial tunnel syndrome differ from lateral elbow tendinopathy?

Radial tunnel pain is often more distal and deep while tendinopathy is centred at the common extensor origin

Which neurodynamic test is relevant for radial tunnel syndrome?

ULNT2b with radial nerve bias

What local assessment may reproduce radial tunnel syndrome symptoms?

Palpation around the supinator and radial tunnel

What distinguishes posterior interosseous nerve neuropathy from pain dominant radial tunnel syndrome?

Objective motor weakness is more suggestive of PIN neuropathy

What is an initial management priority in radial tunnel syndrome?

Reduce activities that irritate or compress the radial nerve

What type of neural exercise may be used for radial tunnel syndrome?

Gentle radial nerve sliders without excessive tension

What structure is affected in elbow osteochondritis dissecans?

Articular surface and underlying subchondral bone commonly at the capitellum

Where is pain commonly felt in capitellar osteochondritis dissecans?

Lateral elbow

What mechanical symptoms suggest capitellar osteochondritis dissecans?

Catching or locking and crepitus

What ROM deficit can occur in capitellar osteochondritis dissecans?

Loss of elbow extension

What imaging is required when capitellar osteochondritis dissecans is suspected?

Radiographs with medical assessment

What referral is required for capitellar osteochondritis dissecans?

Sports physician or orthopaedic review

What is the initial management of a nondisplaced capitellar OCD lesion?

Rest and gentle ROM to prevent extension loss

What strengthening follows initial rest for nondisplaced capitellar OCD?

Gradual shoulder elbow wrist and kinetic chain strengthening

When can throwing resume after nondisplaced capitellar OCD?

Only when symptoms have resolved and full ROM has returned with appropriate medical guidance

What treatment may be required for displaced capitellar OCD?

Arthroscopic debridement or removal of loose bodies

What factors predict poorer prognosis in capitellar OCD?

Older age plus larger lesions plus weight bearing lesion location

What tendon pathology underlies medial epicondylalgia?

Common wrist flexor and pronator tendon tendinopathy

Where is pain located in medial epicondylalgia?

Medial epicondyle and nearby forearm flexor or pronator region

What movements aggravate medial epicondylalgia?

Resisted wrist flexion and ulnar deviation or pronation

What is the Golfer's Elbow test?

Resisted isometric wrist flexion with elbow extended and forearm pronated

What is a positive Golfer's Elbow test?

Reproduction of familiar medial elbow pain

What early exercise is used for painful medial epicondylalgia?

Isometric wrist flexion with five holds of thirty to forty five seconds if needed

What loading is recommended as medial epicondylalgia improves?

Slow progressive concentric and eccentric wrist flexor strengthening

What eccentric dosage example is given for medial epicondylalgia?

Three sets of fifteen repetitions twice daily

What additional strategies help medial epicondylalgia?

Counterforce brace plus technique or equipment modification plus kinetic chain rehabilitation

What is Little League elbow?

Medial epicondylar traction apophysitis in young throwing athletes

What age group is particularly associated with Little League elbow?

Athletes younger than fifteen years

What structure is primarily affected in Little League elbow?

Developing medial epicondylar apophysis

What repetitive force contributes to Little League elbow?

Traction and valgus related loading during throwing

What complication can result from continued throwing with Little League elbow?

Medial epicondyle avulsion fracture

What is the first management priority in Little League elbow?

Stop throwing and manage load

What rehabilitation follows initial rest in Little League elbow?

Restore ROM then strengthen medial elbow dynamic stabilisers and the kinetic chain

What are three causes of posterior elbow impingement?

Repetitive hyperextension or valgus overload plus valgus instability plus osteoarthritis

What bony change can cause posterior elbow impingement in throwers?

Olecranon tip or fossa osteophytes

What symptom is characteristic of posterior elbow impingement?

Posterior or posteromedial pain with terminal extension

What ROM restriction may occur with posterior elbow impingement?

Loss of full elbow extension

What is the early management of posterior elbow impingement?

Rest from aggravating loading and restrict painful extension or throwing

When may a ROM limiting brace help posterior elbow impingement?

When activity restriction compliance is poor

What strengthening is recommended for posterior elbow impingement?

Supinators pronators elbow flexors and elbow extensors

What sport specific factor should be corrected in posterior elbow impingement?

Throwing technique

Where can the ulnar nerve be entrapped near the elbow?

Arcade of Struthers or medial epicondyle or cubital tunnel or between FCU heads

Which fingers are commonly affected by ulnar nerve entrapment?

Fourth and fifth fingers

What special test does the practical manual specify for ulnar nerve entrapment?

Tinel's sign at the elbow

How is Tinel's sign performed for ulnar nerve entrapment?

Tap four to six times over the nerve just proximal to the cubital tunnel

What is a positive ulnar nerve Tinel's sign?

Reproduction of familiar symptoms in the ulnar nerve distribution

Where can the median nerve become entrapped according to the lecture?

Ligament of Struthers or pronator teres region or carpal tunnel

What symptoms may occur with median nerve entrapment?

Palmar hand sensory changes or pain with possible wrist flexor weakness

What neurodynamic assessment is used for median nerve mechanosensitivity?

ULNT1 with median nerve bias

What supports a positive ULNT1 for median nerve involvement?

Relevant symptom reproduction with change during structural differentiation